Oaxaca
Sangre por Plata, Sangre por Oro – El asesinato de Bernardo Vázquez en la mina de Fortuna Silver en OaxacaBLOOD FOR SILVER, BLOOD FOR GOLD – THE ASSASSINATION OF BERNARDO VASQUEZ: At Fortuna Silver’s mine in Oaxaca, Mexico
Disculpas, este artículo está sólo en inglés
(Article and photos by Jonathan Treat, March 18, 2012)
“One thing is clear: this was a political hit. Bernardo was murdered because he dared to speak out.” (Dawn Paley)

(At the gravesite of Bernardo Vasquez, “Stop the Assassinations”)
In the dry and dusty town of San José del Pacifico, south of Oaxaca, Mexico, a funeral was held on March 17 for Bernardo Vasquez, a slain community leader who actively opposed a Canadian silver and gold mining project in his community. During the somber event, attended by roughly 300 members of this Zapotec community, the collective grief, solidarity and resistance was palpable. Fear also hung in the air; some people held placards proclaiming their resistance in front of their faces to avoid being photographed.
(Bernardo’s mother and family grieving their loss)
The fear is understandable – Bernardo Vásquez was the second anti-mining activist to be shot dead in the past two months. Three others at the scene of the assassination of Vasquez were also shot and remain in serious condition.
WHY THE VIOLENCE?
Why all the bloodshed in this small Zapotec community? The common thread connecting the victims of the recent violence is that – together with a coalition of people from other nearby communities – they were all actively opposing the presence of the Canadian company, Fortuna Silver Inc.’s “Trinidad/Cuzcatlán” silver and gold mine in their community in the Ocotlán valley, about 45 minutes outside of Oaxaca City.
(“Berna, We Will Always Rembember You. You Fought for Us”)
Bernardo Vásquez was killed on March 16 when he and two passengers were ambushed at an intersection near his community. His brother Andrés and friend Rosalinda Canseco remain hospitalized in serious condition. In an interview at the hospital, Rosalinda’s father said doctors are concerned they may have to amputate her leg.
PREVIOUS KILLING OF BERNARDO MENDEZ
Two months ago, the now dead Bernardo Vásquez was denouncing the murder of Bernardo Mendez, a friend and colleague also opposed to the Trinidad/Cuzcatán mine. During a press conference on January 23, as spokesperson for a local coalition of people opposed to Fortuna Silver’s mine, Vásquez denounced the shooting death of Méndez that had occurred several days earlier. That murder happened when a group of people confronted a work crew constructing a water pipeline in San José. The people suspected the project would divert the arid community’s scarce water resources to the mine. An argument ensued and municipal police arrived on the scene and opened fire into the crowd. Bernardo Méndez later died of 7 gunshot wounds. Abigail Vásquez, sister of Bernardo Vázquez (killed March 16), was seriously wounded in the January killing.
During the press conference, Vázquez and the Coalition of People United in the Ocotlán Valley (COPOVU) held the Vancouver-based Fortuna Silver and it’s local Trinidad/Cuzcatlán mining activities directly responsible for the murder and other related violence, and called for the suspension and removal of all the mining company’s activities in San José. The anti-mining group also called for the cancellation and removal of the mining project.
FORTUNA SILVER DENIES ANY LINKS TO ITS ACTIVITIES AND THE VIOLENCE
Mining officials dismissed allegations that the mine was diverting water from the community, and denied any links between the recent violence and their mining operation in San José del Progreso. In response to COPOVU’s accusations that the mine is responsible for the violence in San José, CEO Jorge Ganoza called the allegations “misinformation”.
“We, as a company, and our team in Oaxaca, are saddened by these senseless and continued acts of violence in the town of San José, related to a long-standing political struggle for local power”, he said in statement published by Canadian media. “It is in no way related to our activities or involves company personnel…”. Several Oaxaca state government officials in press releases repeat this version of events, but critics point out to a long history of violence in local communities since Fortuna Silver first arrived on the scene in 2006.
HISTORY OF MINE-RELATED VIOLENCE
In 2009, roughly three hundred opponents to Fortuna Silver’s mining operation participated in a blockade of the entrance to the Trinidad/Cuzcatlán. After 40 days, the blockade was brutally broken when some 700 police stormed into the community in full anti-riot gear, with automatic weapons, tear gas, attack dogs and a helicopter. People were beaten and more than 23 people were arrested; some were detained for three months.
In 2010, the mayor of San José, along with another municipal official, was killed in a confrontation between residents supporting and those opposing the mine. A local priest supporting anti-mining activists was brutally beaten and detained.
The ongoing violence has divided and created a tense, fearful atmosphere in the once peaceful community. One local activist who has been involved in resistance to the mine from the beginning estimated that the vast majority of residents were opposed to the mine when it started originally arrived to break ground in the community. The ongoing repression and intimidation – coupled with bribes to prominent members of the community – has reduced the number of residents who actively resist the mine. Nonetheless, he estimated that roughly half of the community is opposed to the mine, and many others are against the mine but fearful of openly resisting the mining project.
WHY THE OPPOSITION TO THE MINE?
In the arid Ocotlán valley of Oaxaca, as in many parts of the state, water is a scarce and precious commodity. Residents opposed to the mine argue that processing silver and gold is water-intensive puts their local aquifers at risk.
Their argument has strong precedent. Another Oaxacan community with years of painful experience with mining operations, Calpulálpam, had its water supply devastated by the Canadian “Continuum” mine there. Aquifers were disrupted and local resident report that 13 local streams completely dried up due to mining in their community. Local springs were also so polluted by chemicals used to process ore that livestock were dying from the contamination. The devastation was so flagrant that the Mexican Federal Environmental Protection Agency eventually ordered the mine to suspend all activities.
Thus the violent confrontation in January between the group of local residents and workers installing a water pipeline is understandable. The actual motives behind the project remain unclear; transparency about public works in San José is sorely lacking. While Fortuna Silver continues to flatly deny any link between purported municipal potable water project and mining activities, many local residentS remain unconvinced. And Mexico’s three leading national newspapers, including the respected daily La Jornada, all reported that the disputed water pipeline was indeed related to the mining operation and all linked the violence to tensions in the community around the mine’s activities there.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS SPEAK OUT
In a recent statement by the Oaxacan Collective in Defense of Territories, an umbrella organization made up of prominent human rights and civil society organization, issued a statement on March 16, the day following the ambush of Vázquez and his two companions. The declaration points out that Vázquez had repeatedly alerted state and federal authorities – since 2008 – of the risk of violent confrontations due to the initiation of mining operations by Fortuna Silver without the consent of the community, as legally required by international accords signed by Mexico. The statement says that the members of the anti-mining coalition COPUVO repeatedly complained that the mining company was financing armed groups in the community with the endorsement of the municipal president of San José del Progreso, Alberto Mauro Sánchez. The collective’s statement says argues that the lack of justice and application of law by government officials has created a dangerous atmosphere of impunity in San José. The statement closes with a demand for the immediate departure of the Trinidad/Cuzcatlán mine.
EULOGY FOR BERNARDO VÁSQUEZ
In a eulogy for Bernardo Vásquez, Dawn Paley, an independent Canadian journalist, wrote:
“Bernardo Vasquez was a clear spoken Zapotec activist, a brother, son, and cousin, who dared to stand up against a mining project in the territory of his people. He was well aware that a paramilitary group was operating in San José Progreso, Oaxaca, and that it was organized to snuff out opposition to a gold mine , owned by Vancouver based Fortuna Silver. … One thing is clear: this was a political hit. Bernardo was murdered because he dared to speak out, ignoring the climate of fear imposed upon his people.” (http://vancouver.mediacoop.ca/story/another-activist-murdered-organizing-against-canadian-mine/10243)
THE STAKES ARE HIGH, BUT THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES
Fortuna Silver’s $55 million Trinidad/Cuzcatlán mine began its production in September last year and projected to produce 1.7 million ounces of silver and 15,000 ounce of gold in 2012. Future conflicts are likely as the mine expands its operations in its 58,000 hectares holdings just south of Oaxaca City in coming years, particularly in light of the ongoing impunity enjoyed by local officials and hired guns in San José.
During the funeral, many residents expressed their concerns that the lack of justice for those responsible for the recent shootings has created an atmosphere of impunity that is likely to foster more bloodshed.
(The Funeral Procession)
But in spite of the fear and intimidation, the March 17 funeral clearly illustrated that anti-mining activists from San José together with other surrounding communities affected by the mine, will continue on in their resistance. Indignation and defiance hung in the air. Just before Vasquez’s coffin was lowered into the ground, a friend said: “They can cut a flower, but they cannot stop the Spring.”
(Jonathan Treat is a journalist, professor, activist and founding member of the non-profit organization SURCO (University Services and Knowledge Networks of Oaxaca), www.surcooaxaca.org. He works with SURCO as Academic Director and Coordinator of Delegations looking at issues related to the defense of indigenous territories in Oaxaca and Chiapas. Jonathan: jonathantreat2002@yahoo.com)
******************
WHAT TO DO – WRITE & KEEP ON WRITING
Please keep on keeping on sending copies of this information, and your own letters, to Canadian and American politicians and government officials, and to your local media. North American resource extraction companies are operating around the world with the full support of North American governments. Please send copies to pension funds across North America – like the Canada Pension Plan – that are invested in most North American resource extraction companies around the world, with no concern for environmental, health or human rights concerns.
FORTUNA SILVER
Suite 650, 200 Burrard Street
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3L6
T: 604.484.4085
TF: 866.719.8962
http://www.fortunasilver.com/s/ContactUs.asp
*****************
Empresa eólica española DEMEX se niega a reconocer los derechos a la tierra y al territorio de la comunidad zapoteca Unión Hidalgo
Se exige el debido proceso, un juicio justo y la exoneración de la defensora Bettina Cruz
México, D.F. – En la madrugada del 24 de febrero salió libre bajo fianza del Reclusorio Regional de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, la defensora de derechos humanos Bettina Cruz Velázquez. Luego de 33 horas de detención, incluyendo cuatros horas de incomunicación, la Mtra. Cruz Velázquez se encuentra bien físicamente pero denuncia intimidación por parte de la Agencia Federal de Investigación y la Procuraduría General de la República durante su traslado al reclusorio.
Ahora la defensora de derechos humanos Cruz Velázquez enfrenta dos cargos ante el Juzgado Sexto de Distrito de Oaxaca, a raíz de una denuncia presentada por la Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE). La defensora es acusada de privación ilegal de la libertad en agravio de trabajadores de la CFE y de consumo ilegal de la riqueza natural.
Desde el 14 de noviembre de 2011 ella goza de medidas cautelares emitidas por la Defensoría de Derechos Humanos del Estado de Oaxaca. El 28 de octubre de 2011 la Mtra. Cruz Velázquez y integrantes del Comité de Resistencia al Proyecto Eólico de Unión Hidalgo fueron atacados por caciques golpeadores y policías municipales después de manifestarse pacíficamente en contra del proyecto eólico Piedra Larga en la comunidad zapoteca. Por estos hechos de violencia, la Defensoría de Derechos Humanos emitió medidas cautelares para garantizar la seguridad e integridad física de la defensora Cruz Velázquez y demás integrantes.
A sólo tres días de la detención de la defensora, el 25 de febrero se realizó en la ciudad de Oaxaca una segunda mesa de diálogo entre el Comité de Resistencia, la empresa española Desarrollos Eólicos Mexicanos, S.A. de C.V. (DEMEX), y el Gobierno de Oaxaca para tratar violaciones a la defensa de la tierra y al territorio de más de 30 pequeños propietarios derivado de la falta de consentimiento libre, previo e informado de la comunidad zapoteca en la implementación del proyecto eólico Piedra Larga en Unión Hidalgo.
En la reunión DEMEX negó la petición de los pequeños propietarios hecha el 8 de febrero para terminar anticipadamente los contratos de arrendamiento, situación que está prevista en los mismos; el pago de la cuota de terminación e indemnización por el daño al potencial productivo de las tierras; y el restablecimiento de la calidad original del suelo en los casos donde DEMEX ha continuado construyendo. Al negar su responsabilidad contractual por medio de una carta dirigida al Secretario del Gobierno de Oaxaca, el director general de DEMEX, Fernando Ballester Surroca, reconoció que “una importante inversión de recursos económicos y humanos” le impedía a la empresa acceder a la petición de la comunidad. Por esta razón los pequeños propietarios decidieron levantarse de la mesa.
“La mesa de diálogo del sábado nos enseñó que DEMEX mantiene una postura de repudio en contra de la comunidad de Unión Hidalgo donde pretende instalar su proyecto eólico. Es precisamente por esta actitud condescendiente y falta de transparencia que los pequeños propietarios quieren terminar sus contratos. ¿Por qué querrían una relación así con una empresa que no les respeta?” preguntó Alejandra Ancheita, abogada y directora ejecutiva del Proyecto de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (ProDESC). “Con este proyecto tanto el gobierno como DEMEX están violando el derecho humano básico de los pueblos indígenas a la consulta previa, libre e informada.”
El proyecto eólico Piedra Larga está siendo desarrollado por Renovalia Energy, la empresa matriz de DEMEX en España, para suministrar energía limpia principalmente a Grupo Bimbo por medio de un contrato de autoabastecimiento de 18 años. Para construirlo Renovalia obtuvo un crédito de 160 millones de dólares financiado por el gobierno mexicano (Bancomext, Banobras-Fonadin y Nafinsa) y tres bancos privados (Banco Espírito Santo de Portugal, y Santander y CaixaBank de España). La resistencia pacífica de los pequeños propietarios ha provocado retrasos en los tiempos y términos de cumplimiento del proyecto establecidos por la Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE) y los mismos bancos prestamistas, incluyendo la posibilidad de multas millonarias impuestas por la CRE.
“Me queda claro que mi detención fue relacionada con la petición de los pequeños propietarios ante DEMEX a terminar anticipadamente los contratos de arrendamiento,” dijo la defensora de derechos humanos Cruz Velázquez. “El desarrollo eólico en Oaxaca está siendo impulsado por la CFE a una velocidad impresionante y, como consecuencia, nuestras comunidades indígenas son sujetas a intimidación y violaciones constantes sólo por exigir el respeto por nuestro derecho a la tierra y al territorio.”
Bettina Cruz Velázquez es co-fundadora de la Asamblea de los Pueblos Indígenas del Istmo de Tehuantepec en Defensa de la Tierra y el Territorio, de la cual forma parte el Comité de Resistencia al Proyecto Eólico de Unión Hidalgo. Asimismo, están acompañados por dos organizaciones civiles: ProDESC y el Proyecto sobre Organización, Desarrollo, Educación e Investigación (PODER).
Demandas
Ante la escalada de violencia y amenazas contra las y los que reivindican los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, los pequeños propietarios de Unión Hidalgo y las organizaciones de derechos humanos aquí representados exigimos:
Al Gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca
- Que haga cumplir las medidas cautelares para garantizar la seguridad e integridad física tanto de Bettina Cruz Velázquez como de los demás integrantes de la Asamblea de los Pueblos Indígenas del Istmo de Tehuantepec en Defensa de la Tierra y el Territorio y del Comité de Resistencia al Proyecto Eólico de Unión Hidalgo;
- Que cumpla con su palabra de respetar los derechos de los pueblos indígenas y, por consecuencia, la decisión de no entregar las tierras a un proyecto de desarrollo que en principio debería de haber sido consultado con los pueblos que se verían afectados, como es el caso de Unión Hidalgo.
Al Gobierno Federal
- Que la defensora de derechos humanos Bettina Cruz Velázquez tenga un debido proceso, reciba un juicio justo y sea exonerada de todo delito, y su nombre quede libre de toda sospecha, ya que el gobierno federal impuso dichos cargos en represalia por defender las comunidades indígenas del Istmo de Tehuantepec;
- Que la Secretaría de Energía intervenga como autoridad competente para revisar las condiciones en las cuales se desarrollan los parques eólicos en el Istmo de Tehuantepec;
- Que la Comisión Federal de Electricidad revise los términos de la licitación pública otorgada a DEMEX, ya que incumple con múltiples condiciones, normas y mejores prácticas;
- Que los bancos estatales prestamistas a Renovalia Energy (Bancomext, Banobras-Fonadin y Nafinsa) exijan cuentas a la empresa española por sus prácticas de derechos humanos y del medioambiente.
Y a Renovalia Energy / DEMEX
- Que cumplan con el compromiso asumido por DEMEX el 25 de octubre de 2011 de no iniciar obra alguna en las parcelas que aún se encuentran con alguna inconformidad hasta que se resuelva el fondo del conflicto generado por el proyecto eólico Piedra Larga;
- Que suspendan inmediatamente las obras en los predios de los 32 propietarios que solicitaron la terminación anticipada de los contratos de arrendamiento hasta que se resuelva el fondo del conflicto;
- Que reconozcan su incumplimiento con normas de derechos humanos internacionales, como la de ser responsable solidario de violaciones cometidas por sus empleados o subcontratistas, y la de publicar un código de conducta y adherirse a él para asegurar su cumplimiento con la ley mexicana;
- Y que los tres bancos privados prestamistas (Banco Espírito Santo de Portugal, y Santander y CaixaBank de España) revisen su cumplimiento con las normas en materia de empresas y derechos humanos de los Principios de Ecuador.
Organizaciones firmantes
• Acción Urgente para Defensores de los Derechos Humanos A.C. (ACUDDEH)
• Asamblea de los Pueblos Indígenas del Istmo de Tehuantepec en Defensa de la Tierra y el Territorio
• Centro de Derechos Humanos Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez (Centro Prodh)
• Comité Cerezo México
• Comité de Resistencia al Proyecto Eólico de Unión Hidalgo
• Proyecto de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (ProDESC)
• Proyecto sobre Organización, Desarrollo, Educación e Investigación (PODER)
• Red Nacional de Organismos Civiles de Derechos Humanos “Todos los derechos para todas y todos”




