{"id":47066,"date":"2023-12-21T08:41:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T14:41:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=47066"},"modified":"2023-12-24T23:02:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-25T05:02:13","slug":"ezln-vigesima-y-ultima-parte-el-comun-y-la-no-propiedad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=47066","title":{"rendered":"[:es]EZLN | Vig\u00e9sima y \u00daltima Parte: El Com\u00fan y la No Propiedad[:en]Twentieth and Last Part: The Common and Non-Property[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Vig\u00e9sima y \u00daltima Parte: El Com\u00fan y la No Propiedad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u201c<em>Abre bien los ojos, hijo, y sigue al p\u00e1jaro Pujuy. \u00c9l no se equivoca. Su destino es como el nuestro: caminar para que otros no se pierdan<\/em>\u201d.<br \/>\n<strong>Canek<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ermilo Abreu G\u00f3mez<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 En alguna ocasi\u00f3n pasada, har\u00e1 ya algunos a\u00f1os, los pueblos zapatistas se explicaban la lucha de \u201ccomo mujeres que somos\u201d se\u00f1alando, no una cuesti\u00f3n de mera voluntad, disposici\u00f3n o estudio, sino la base material que hizo posible ese cambio: la independencia econ\u00f3mica de las mujeres zapatistas.\u00a0 Y no se refer\u00edan a tener empleo y salario o a la limosna en monedas con que los gobiernos de todo el espectro pol\u00edtico compran votos y adhesiones.\u00a0 Se\u00f1alaban al trabajo colectivo como la tierra f\u00e9rtil para ese cambio.\u00a0 Es decir, el trabajo organizado que no ten\u00eda como destino el bienestar individual, sino el del grupo.\u00a0 No se trataba s\u00f3lo de juntarse para las artesan\u00edas, el comercio, la cr\u00eda del ganado, o la siembra y la cosecha de ma\u00edz, caf\u00e9, hortalizas.\u00a0 Tambi\u00e9n, y, tal vez, sobre todo, a los espacios propios de ellas, sin varones.\u00a0 Imaginen lo que en esos tiempos y lugares hablaban y hablan entre ellas: sus dolores, sus rabias, sus ideas, sus propuestas, sus sue\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>No abundar\u00e9 m\u00e1s sobre ello -las compa\u00f1eras tienen su propia voz, historia y destino-.\u00a0 S\u00f3lo lo menciono porque queda por conocer cu\u00e1l es la base material sobre la que se construir\u00e1 la nueva etapa que han decidido las comunidades zapatistas.\u00a0 La nueva iniciativa, como la catalogar\u00edan los de fuera.<\/p>\n<p>Tengo el orgullo de se\u00f1alar que, no s\u00f3lo la propuesta \u00edntegra fue producto, desde su concepci\u00f3n, del colectivo de direcci\u00f3n organizativa zapatista -toda ella de sangre ind\u00edgena de ra\u00edz maya-.\u00a0 Tambi\u00e9n que mi labor se limit\u00f3 a proporcionar informaci\u00f3n que mis jefas y jefes \u201ccruzaron\u201d con la suya, y, despu\u00e9s, a buscar y argumentar objeciones y probables y futuros fracasos (la mentada \u201chip\u00f3tesis\u201d a la que hice referencia en un texto anterior).\u00a0 Al final, cuando termin\u00f3 su deliberaci\u00f3n y concretaron la idea central, para someterla a la consulta con todos los pueblos, a m\u00ed me sorprendi\u00f3 tanto como tal vez a ustedes ahora que la van a conocer.<\/p>\n<p>En este otro fragmento de la entrevista al Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s, \u00e9l nos explica c\u00f3mo fue que llegaron a esta idea de \u201cel com\u00fan\u201d.\u00a0 Tal vez alguien de ustedes pueda valorar el sentido profundamente rebelde y subversivo de esto en lo que, para no variar, nos jugamos la existencia.<\/p>\n<p>El Capit\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>-*-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>LA NO PROPIEDAD.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bueno, pues en resumen \u00e9sta es nuestra propuesta: establecer extensiones de la tierra recuperada como del com\u00fan.\u00a0 Es decir, sin propiedad.\u00a0 Ni privada, ni ejidal, ni comunal, ni federal, ni estatal, ni empresarial, ni nada.\u00a0 Una no propiedad de la tierra.\u00a0 Como quien dice: \u201ctierra sin papeles\u201d.\u00a0 Entonces, en esas tierras que se van a definir, si preguntan de qui\u00e9n es ese terreno o quien es el propietario, pues se va a responder: \u201cde nadie\u201d, es decir \u201cdel com\u00fan\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Si preguntan si es tierra de zapatistas, de partidistas o de qui\u00e9n, pues de ninguno de ellos.\u00a0 O de todos, es lo mismo.\u00a0 No hay comisariado o agente a quien comprar, asesinar, desaparecer.\u00a0 Lo que hay son pueblos que trabajan y cuidan esas tierras.\u00a0 Y las defienden.<\/p>\n<p>Una parte importante es que, para que se pueda lograr esto, tiene que haber un acuerdo entre los pobladores sin importar si son partidistas o zapatistas.\u00a0 O sea que tienen que hablar entre ellos, no con los malos gobiernos.\u00a0 Eso de buscar el permiso de los malos gobiernos s\u00f3lo ha tra\u00eddo divisiones y hasta muertes entre mismos campesinos.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces, respetando las tierras que son de propiedad personal-familiar, y las que son para trabajo de los colectivos, se crea, en terrenos recuperados en estos a\u00f1os de guerra, esta no propiedad.\u00a0 Y se propone que se trabaje en com\u00fan por turnos, sin importar qu\u00e9 partido eres, o qu\u00e9 religi\u00f3n, o qu\u00e9 color, o qu\u00e9 tama\u00f1o, o que g\u00e9nero eres.<\/p>\n<p>Las reglas son sencillas: tiene que ser acuerdo entre los pobladores de una regi\u00f3n.\u00a0 No cultivar drogas, no vender la tierra, no permitir la entrada de ninguna empresa o industria.\u00a0 Quedan excluidos los paramilitares.\u00a0 El producto del trabajo de esas tierras es de quienes la laboren en el tiempo acordado.\u00a0 No hay impuestos, ni pago de diezmos.\u00a0\u00a0 Cada instalaci\u00f3n que se construya queda para el siguiente grupo.\u00a0 Se llevan s\u00f3lo el producto de su trabajo.\u00a0 Pero de todo esto ya iremos hablando m\u00e1s despu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Esto, as\u00ed muy resumido, es lo que se present\u00f3 y se consult\u00f3 con todos los pueblos zapatistas.\u00a0 Y sali\u00f3 que la inmensa mayor\u00eda estuvo de acuerdo.\u00a0 Y tambi\u00e9n que, en algunas regiones zapatistas, ya se estaba haciendo desde hace a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>Y nosotros lo que hicimos fue, pues, proponer un camino para poder cruzar la tormenta y llegar con bien al otro lado.\u00a0 Y no hacer ese camino solos como zapatistas, sino que juntos como pueblos originarios que somos.\u00a0 Claro, sobre esa propuesta saldr\u00e1n m\u00e1s: de salud, de educaci\u00f3n, de justicia, de gobierno, de vida.\u00a0 Digamos que lo vemos necesario eso para poder enfrentar la tormenta.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PENSAR EL CAMINO Y EL PASO.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 c\u00f3mo lleg\u00f3 en nuestra cabeza?\u00a0 Bueno, pues te platico.\u00a0 Vimos varias cosas.\u00a0 O sea que no s\u00f3lo sali\u00f3 de una vez esta idea.\u00a0 Como que se juntaron y pues como que lo fuimos viendo parte por parte y ya luego todo junto.<\/p>\n<p>Una fue, pues, la tormenta.\u00a0 Todo lo que se refiere a la inconformidad de la naturaleza.\u00a0 Su forma de protestar, cada vez m\u00e1s fuerte y cada vez m\u00e1s terrible.\u00a0 Porque decimos destrucci\u00f3n, pero muchas veces lo que pasa es que como que la naturaleza recupera un lugar.\u00a0 O que ataca las invasiones del sistema: las presas, por ejemplo.\u00a0 Lugares tur\u00edsticos, por ejemplo, que se construyen sobre la muerte de las costas.\u00a0 Megaproyectos que hieren, lastiman la tierra.\u00a0 Entonces pues hay respuesta.\u00a0 A veces r\u00e1pido responde, a veces tarda.\u00a0 Y el ser humano, bueno, lo que el sistema ha hecho con el ser humano es que est\u00e1 como pasmado.\u00a0 No reacciona.\u00a0 Aunque ve que viene la desgracia, que hay avisos, que hay alertas, pues sigue como si nada y, bueno, pues pasa lo que pasa.\u00a0 Dicen que tal desgracia fue sorpresiva.\u00a0 Pero resulta que ya lleva varios a\u00f1os de que se avisa que la destrucci\u00f3n de la naturaleza va a pasar a cobrar.\u00a0 La ciencia, no nosotros, lo analiza y lo demuestra.\u00a0 Nosotros, pues, como gente de la tierra lo vemos.\u00a0 Todo es in\u00fatil.<\/p>\n<p>La desgracia no se aparece de pronto en tu casa, no.\u00a0 Primero se va a acercando, va haciendo su ruido para que sepas que ah\u00ed viene.\u00a0 Toca a tu puerta.\u00a0 Rompe todo.\u00a0 No s\u00f3lo tu casa, tu gente, tu vida, tambi\u00e9n tu coraz\u00f3n.\u00a0 Ya no est\u00e1s tranquilo.<\/p>\n<p>La otra es lo que llaman la descomposici\u00f3n social o que dicen que se rompe el tejido social porque la violencia.\u00a0 O sea que una comunidad de personas se relaciona con ciertas reglas o normas o acuerdos, como decimos nosotros.\u00a0 A veces se hacen leyes escritas y a veces no hay nada escrito, pero como quiera la gente sabe.\u00a0 En muchas comunidades se dice \u201cacta de acuerdo\u201d o sea que se pone en palabras.\u00a0 \u201cEsto se puede hacer, esto no se puede hacer, esto se tiene qu\u00e9 hacer\u201d, y as\u00ed.\u00a0 Por ejemplo, que quien trabaje pues avanza.\u00a0 Que el que no trabaja, pues se queda jodido.\u00a0 Que est\u00e1 mal obligar a alguien a hacer lo que no quiere, por ejemplo, en el caso de los hombres contra las mujeres.\u00a0 Que est\u00e1 mal violentar a los d\u00e9biles.\u00a0 Que est\u00e1 mal matar, robar, violar.\u00a0 \u00bfPero qu\u00e9 pasa si es al rev\u00e9s?\u00a0 Si se premia la maldad y se persigue y castiga la bondad.\u00a0 Por ejemplo, un campesino ind\u00edgena que ve que est\u00e1 mal la destrucci\u00f3n de un bosque, se convierte entonces en su guardi\u00e1n.\u00a0 Lo protege al bosque, pues, de quien lo destruye para sacar ganancias.\u00a0 Eso de defender es un bien, porque ese hermano o hermana est\u00e1n cuidando la vida.\u00a0 Eso es humano, no es de una religi\u00f3n.\u00a0 Pero pasa que ese guardi\u00e1n es perseguido, encarcelado y, no pocas veces, asesinado.\u00a0 Y si se pregunta cu\u00e1l es su delito de por qu\u00e9 lo mataron, y se escucha que su delito fue defender la vida, como el hermano Samir Flores Soberanes, pues ah\u00ed se ve claro que el sistema est\u00e1 enfermo, que ya no tiene remedio, que hay que buscar por otro lado.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 se necesita para darse cuenta de esa enfermedad, de esa podredumbre de la humanidad?\u00a0\u00a0 No se necesita una religi\u00f3n, o una ciencia, o una ideolog\u00eda.\u00a0 Basta mirar, escuchar, sentir.<\/p>\n<p>Y luego pues vemos que los grandes Mandones, los capitalistas, pues no les importa ya qu\u00e9 pasa ma\u00f1ana.\u00a0 Quieren ganar la paga hoy.\u00a0 Lo m\u00e1s que se pueda y lo m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido posible.\u00a0 No importa que les digas \u201coyes, pero eso que haces destruye y la destrucci\u00f3n se contagia, crece, se convierte en incontrolable y regresa a ti.\u00a0 Como si escupieras para arriba o si orinaras contra el viento.\u00a0 Se te regresa, pues\u201d.\u00a0 Y puedes pensar que qu\u00e9 bueno que la desgracia se pase a llevar a un sinverg\u00fcenza.\u00a0 Pero resulta que, antes de eso, se lleva a un buen tanto de gente que ni sabe por qu\u00e9.\u00a0 Como las cr\u00edas, por ejemplo.\u00a0 Qu\u00e9 va a saber una cr\u00eda de religiones, ideolog\u00edas, partidos pol\u00edticos o lo que sea.\u00a0 Pero el sistema hace responsables a esas cr\u00edas.\u00a0 Las hace pagar.\u00a0 Se destruye en su nombre, se mata en su nombre, se miente en su nombre.\u00a0 Y se les hereda muerte y destrucci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces, pues no se ve que va a mejorar.\u00a0 Lo sabemos que se va a poner peor.\u00a0 Y que, como quiera, tenemos que cruzar la tormenta y llegar al otro lado.\u00a0 Sobrevivir.<\/p>\n<p>Otra cosa es lo que vimos en la traves\u00eda por la Vida.\u00a0 Lo que hay en esas partes que se supone que son m\u00e1s avanzadas, que est\u00e1n m\u00e1s desarrolladas como dicen.\u00a0 Lo vimos que es mentira todo eso de la \u201ccivilizaci\u00f3n occidental\u201d, del \u201cprogreso\u201d y esas cosas.\u00a0 Vimos que ah\u00ed se estaba lo necesario para guerras y cr\u00edmenes.\u00a0 Ahora s\u00ed que vimos dos cosas: una es a d\u00f3nde se encamina la tormenta si no hacemos nada.\u00a0 La otra es lo que otras rebeld\u00edas organizadas est\u00e1n construyendo en esas geograf\u00edas.\u00a0 O sea que esas personas miran lo mismo que miramos nosotros.\u00a0 O sea, la tormenta.<\/p>\n<p>Gracias a estos pueblos hermanos pudimos ampliar la mirada, hacerla m\u00e1s ancha. \u00a0O sea, no s\u00f3lo mirar m\u00e1s lejos, sino que tambi\u00e9n mirar m\u00e1s cosas.\u00a0 M\u00e1s mundo, pues.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces nosotros, como pueblos ind\u00edgenas que somos, pues nos preguntamos que qu\u00e9 hacemos, que si ya vali\u00f3, que si cada uno ah\u00ed lo vea.\u00a0 Pero vemos a esos hermanos que hacen as\u00ed de que les vale madre lo que les pase a otros, que s\u00f3lo miran por ellos, y pues igual les toca.\u00a0 Se creen a salvo encerrados en s\u00ed mismos.\u00a0 Pero de balde.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EL CAMINO DE LA MEMORIA.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Entonces pues pensamos, recordamos en c\u00f3mo era antes.\u00a0 Lo hablamos a nuestros anteriores.\u00a0 Les preguntamos si antes era as\u00ed.\u00a0 Les preguntamos que nos digan si siempre hubo la oscuridad, la muerte, la destrucci\u00f3n.\u00a0 De d\u00f3nde vino pues esa idea del mundo.\u00a0 C\u00f3mo es que se ching\u00f3 todo.\u00a0 Pensamos que si sabemos cu\u00e1ndo y c\u00f3mo se perdi\u00f3 la luz, el buen pensamiento, el saber cabal qu\u00e9 es lo bueno y qu\u00e9 es lo malo, pues entonces tal vez podemos encontrar eso y con eso luchar porque se vuelva todo cabal, como debe de ser, respetando la vida.<\/p>\n<p>Y entonces vimos c\u00f3mo es que lleg\u00f3 eso y lo vimos que vino con la propiedad privada.\u00a0 Y que no se trata de cambiarle el nombre y decir que hay propiedad ejidal o peque\u00f1a propiedad o propiedad federal.\u00a0 Porque en todos los casos es el mal gobierno el que da los papeles.\u00a0 O sea que es el mal gobierno el que dice si algo existe y, con su ma\u00f1a, que deja de existir.\u00a0 Como hizo con la reforma de Salinas de Gortari y con los golpes contra la propiedad comunal, que s\u00f3lo exist\u00eda si estaba registrada y que, con las mismas leyes, la hacen menos hasta desaparecerla.\u00a0 Y la propiedad comunal digamos que registrada, pues tambi\u00e9n provoca divisiones y enfrentamientos.\u00a0 Porque esas tierras pertenecen legalmente a unos, pero contra otros.\u00a0 Los papeles de propiedad no dicen \u201cesto es tuyo\u201d, lo que dicen es \u201cesto no es de aquel, at\u00e1calo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Y ah\u00ed tiene a los campesinos dando vuelta y vuelta para que les den un papel que dice que es suyo lo que es suyo porque de por s\u00ed lo trabaja.\u00a0 Y campesinos haciendo la guerra contra campesinos ni siquiera por un pedazo de tierra, no, es por un papel que dice qui\u00e9n es el propietario de esa tierra.\u00a0 Y al que tenga m\u00e1s papel, pues m\u00e1s apoyo de paga, o sea m\u00e1s enga\u00f1o.\u00a0 Porque resulta que si tienes papel te dan programa social, pero te pide que apoyes, por ejemplo, a un candidato porque \u00e9se s\u00ed te va a dar el papel y te va a dar dinero.\u00a0 Pero resulta que ese mismo gobierno te enga\u00f1a, porque con ese papel lo vende a una empresa.\u00a0 Y luego resulta que llega la empresa y te dice que te tienes que ir porque esa tierra no es tuya porque el papel ahora lo tiene el pinche empresario.\u00a0 Y te vas a la buena o a la mala.\u00a0 Y ah\u00ed tienen ej\u00e9rcitos, polic\u00edas y paramilitares para convencerte de que te vayas.<\/p>\n<p>Basta que la empresa diga que quiere tales terrenos, para que el gobierno decrete la expropiaci\u00f3n de esas tierras y ya le dice a la empresa que haga su negocio \u201cpor un tiempo\u201d.\u00a0 Eso hacen con los megaproyectos.<\/p>\n<p>Y todo por un pinche papel.\u00a0 Aunque el papel sea de los tiempos de la Nueva Espa\u00f1a, el papel no vale para el poderoso.\u00a0 Es un enga\u00f1o.\u00a0 Es para que te conf\u00edes y est\u00e9s tranquilo hasta que el sistema descubre que, debajo de tu pobreza, hay petr\u00f3leo, oro, uranio, plata.\u00a0 O que hay un manantial de agua pura, y ahora resulta que el agua es ya una mercanc\u00eda que se compra y que se vende.<\/p>\n<p>Una mercanc\u00eda como lo fueron tus padres, tus abuelos, tus bisabuelos.\u00a0 Una mercanc\u00eda como eres t\u00fa, y lo ser\u00e1n tus hijos, tus nietos, tus bisnietos y as\u00ed por generaciones.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces ese papel, es como las etiquetas de las mercanc\u00edas en los mercados, es el precio de la tierra, de tu trabajo, de tus descendientes.\u00a0 Y no te das cuenta, pero ya est\u00e1s formado en la fila del cajero y vas a llegar.\u00a0 Y resulta que no s\u00f3lo vas a tener que pagar, tambi\u00e9n vas a salir de la tienda y te vas a encontrar con que te quitaron la mercanc\u00eda, que ni siquiera tienes el papel por el que tanto luchaste t\u00fa y tus antepasados.\u00a0 Y que a tus hijos tal vez le heredas un papel, y tal vez ni eso.\u00a0 Los papeles del gobierno son el precio de tu vida, que tienes que pagar ese precio con tu vida.\u00a0 O sea que eres una mercanc\u00eda legal.\u00a0 \u00c9sa es la \u00fanica diferencia con la esclavitud.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces los m\u00e1s viejos te cuentan que el problema, la divisi\u00f3n, las discusiones y las peleas, llegaron cuando llegaron los papeles de propiedad.\u00a0 No es que antes no hab\u00eda problemas, es que se resolv\u00edan haciendo acuerdo.<\/p>\n<p>Y el problema es que puedes hacer muchos papeles que parten muchas veces la tierra, pero la tierra no crece como los papeles.\u00a0 Una hect\u00e1rea sigue siendo una hect\u00e1rea, aunque haya muchos papeles.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces pasa lo que ahora con esa cosa que llaman Cuarta Transformaci\u00f3n y su programa de Sembrando Vida: en los ejidos hay los derecheros -que son los ejidatarios que tienen el mentado papel de certificado agrario-, y los solicitantes que, aunque participen en la comunidad, no tienen papel, porque la tierra ya est\u00e1 repartida.\u00a0 Se supone que los solicitantes son eso, solicitan un pedazo de tierra, pero en realidad est\u00e1n solicitando un papel que diga que son campesinos que trabajan la tierra.\u00a0 Entonces no es que el gobierno llega y les dice que tal tierra les toca.\u00a0 No.\u00a0 Les dice que, si demuestran la propiedad de 2 hect\u00e1reas, les dan el apoyo econ\u00f3mico.\u00a0 Pero esas dos hect\u00e1reas \u00bfde d\u00f3nde salen?\u00a0 Pues de los derecheros.<\/p>\n<p>O sea la tierra que el papel dice que es propiedad de uno, se tiene que partir en pedazos para los solicitantes.\u00a0 Se tiene que pedacear para pueda haber varios papeles de un mismo papel.\u00a0 No hay reparto agrario, hay pedacear la propiedad.\u00a0 Y \u00bfqu\u00e9 pasa si el derechero no quiere o no puede?\u00a0 Sus hijos quieren el apoyo econ\u00f3mico, pero necesitan el papel.\u00a0 Entonces se pelean con el padre.\u00a0 \u00bfLas hijas? Ni en cuenta, las mujeres no cuentan en la pedaceada de papeles.\u00a0 Y pelean a muerte hijos contra padres.\u00a0 Y ganan los hijos y con ese papel, porque la tierra sigue siendo la misma y sigue estando donde estaba, reciben su dinero.\u00a0 Con esa paga se endeudan, se compran algo, o juntan para pagar al coyote para ir a Estados Unidos.\u00a0 Como no les alcanza, pues venden el papel a otro.\u00a0 Se van a trabajar fuera y resulta que est\u00e1n ganando para pagarle a quienes les prestaron.\u00a0 S\u00ed, mandan las remesas a sus familiares, pero sus familias usan eso para pagar la deuda.\u00a0 Despu\u00e9s de un tiempo, ese hijo regresa o lo regresan.\u00a0 Eso si no lo matan o lo secuestran.\u00a0 Pero ya no tiene tierra, porque vendi\u00f3 el papel y ahora esa tierra es de quien tiene el papel.\u00a0 Entonces asesin\u00f3 a su padre por un papel que ya no tiene.\u00a0 Y entonces tiene que buscar la paga para volver a comprar el papel.<\/p>\n<p>Crece la poblaci\u00f3n, pero la tierra no crece.\u00a0 Hay m\u00e1s papeles, pero s\u00f3lo es la misma extensi\u00f3n de terreno.\u00a0 \u00bfQu\u00e9 va a pasar?\u00a0 Que ahorita se matan entre derecheros y solicitantes, pero luego se van a matar entre solicitantes.\u00a0 Sus hijos se van a pelear entre ellos, as\u00ed como \u00e9l pele\u00f3 con sus padres.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo: eres derechero con 20 hect\u00e1reas y tienes digamos que 4 hijos.\u00a0 Es la primera generaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 Lo repartes la tierra o m\u00e1s bien el papel y hay ahora un papel de 5 hect\u00e1reas para cada uno.\u00a0 Luego esos 4 hijos tienen otros cuatro hijos cada uno, segunda generaci\u00f3n, y reparten sus 5 hect\u00e1reas y les tocan a poco m\u00e1s de una hect\u00e1rea a cada uno.\u00a0 Luego esos 4 nietos tienen otros 4 hijos cada uno, tercera generaci\u00f3n, y se reparten el papel y les toca como un cuarto de hect\u00e1rea a cada uno.\u00a0 Luego esos bisnietos tienen 4 hijos cada uno, cuarta generaci\u00f3n, y se reparten el papel y les toca una d\u00e9cima parte de hect\u00e1rea cada uno.\u00a0 Y ya no le sigo porque apenas en 40 a\u00f1os, en la segunda generaci\u00f3n, se van a matar entre s\u00ed.\u00a0 Eso es lo que est\u00e1n haciendo los malos gobiernos: est\u00e1n sembrando muerte.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EL VIEJO NUEVO CAMINO.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo ha sido en nuestra historia de lucha eso que dicen de \u201cbase material\u201d?<\/p>\n<p>Pues primero fue la alimentaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 Con la recuperaci\u00f3n de las tierras que estaban en manos de los finqueros, se mejor\u00f3 la alimentaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 El hambre dej\u00f3 de ser la invitada en nuestras casas.\u00a0 Luego, con la autonom\u00eda y el apoyo de personas que son \u201cbuena gente\u201d, les decimos, sigui\u00f3 la salud.\u00a0 Aqu\u00ed fue y es muy importante el apoyo de los doctores fraternales, que as\u00ed les llamamos nosotros porque son como nuestros hermanos que nos ayudan no s\u00f3lo en las enfermedades graves.\u00a0 Tambi\u00e9n, y, sobre todo, en la preparaci\u00f3n o sea en los conocimientos de la salud.\u00a0 Luego la educaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 Luego el trabajo en la tierra.\u00a0 Luego lo que es gobierno y administraci\u00f3n de mismos pueblos zapatistas.\u00a0 Luego lo que es gobierno y convivencia pac\u00edfica con los que no son zapatistas.<\/p>\n<p>La base material de esto, es decir, la forma de producci\u00f3n es una convivencia del trabajo individual-familiar con el trabajo colectivo.\u00a0 El trabajo colectivo hizo posible el despegue de las compa\u00f1eras y su participaci\u00f3n en la autonom\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>Digamos que los primeros 10 a\u00f1os de autonom\u00eda, es decir, del alzamiento al nacimiento de las Juntas de Buen Gobiernos, en 2003, fue de aprendizaje.\u00a0 Los siguientes 10 a\u00f1os, hasta el 2013 fueron de aprender la importancia del relevo generacional.\u00a0 Del 2013 a la fecha fue de constatar, criticar y autocriticar errores de funcionamiento, de administraci\u00f3n y de \u00e9tica.<\/p>\n<p>En lo que sigue ahora, tendremos una etapa de aprendizaje y reajuste.\u00a0 O sea que tendremos muchos errores y problemas, porque no hay manual o libro que te diga c\u00f3mo hacer.\u00a0 Tendremos muchas ca\u00eddas, s\u00ed, pero nos levantaremos una y otra vez para seguir caminando.\u00a0 Somos zapatistas, pues.<\/p>\n<p>La base material o de producci\u00f3n de esta etapa va a ser una combinaci\u00f3n del trabajo individual-familiar, el colectivo y esto nuevo que llamamos \u201ctrabajo en com\u00fan\u201d o \u201cno propiedad\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El trabajo individual-familiar se basa en la propiedad peque\u00f1a y personal.\u00a0 Una persona y su familia trabajan su pedazo de tierra, su tiendita, su m\u00f3vil, su ganado.\u00a0 La ganancia o el beneficio es para esa familia.<\/p>\n<p>El trabajo colectivo se basa en el acuerdo entre compa\u00f1eras y\/o compa\u00f1eras para hacer un trabajo en tierra de colectivo (asignada as\u00ed desde antes de la guerra y ensanchada despu\u00e9s de la guerra).\u00a0 Se reparten los trabajos de acuerdo con el tiempo, capacidad y disposici\u00f3n.\u00a0 La ganancia o beneficio es para el colectivo.\u00a0 Se suele usar para fiestas, movilizaciones, adquisici\u00f3n de equipos para salud, capacitaci\u00f3n de promotores de salud y educaci\u00f3n, y para los movimientos y manutenci\u00f3n de autoridades y comisiones aut\u00f3nomas.<\/p>\n<p>El trabajo com\u00fan empieza, ahora, en la tenencia de la tierra.\u00a0 Una porci\u00f3n de las tierras recuperadas se declara como de \u201ctrabajo com\u00fan\u201d.\u00a0 Es decir, no est\u00e1 parcelada y no es propiedad de nadie, ni peque\u00f1a, ni mediana, ni gran propiedad.\u00a0 Esa tierra no es de nadie, no tiene due\u00f1o.\u00a0 Y, de acuerdo con las comunidades cercanas, se \u201cpresta\u201d mutuamente esa tierra para trabajarla.\u00a0 No se puede vender ni comprar.\u00a0 No se puede usar para producci\u00f3n, trasiego o consumo de narc\u00f3ticos.\u00a0 El trabajo se hace por \u201cturnos\u201d acordados con los GALs y los hermanos no zapatistas.\u00a0 El beneficio o ganancia es para quienes trabajan, pero la propiedad no es, es una no propiedad que se usa en com\u00fan.\u00a0 No importa si eres zapatista, partidista, cat\u00f3lico, evang\u00e9lico, presbiteriano, ateo, jud\u00edo, musulm\u00e1n, negro, blanco, oscuro, amarillo, rojo, mujer, hombre, <strong><em>otroa<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0 Puedes trabajar la tierra en com\u00fan, con el acuerdo de los GALs, CGAL y ACGal, por pueblo, regi\u00f3n o zona, que son quienes controlan que se cumpla con las reglas de uso com\u00fan.\u00a0 Todo lo que sirva al bien com\u00fan, nada que vaya contra el bien com\u00fan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UNA COMPARTICI\u00d3N MUNDIAL: LA GIRA POR LA VIDA.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unas hect\u00e1reas de esa No-Propiedad se va a proponer a los pueblos hermanos de otras geograf\u00edas del mundo.\u00a0 Los vamos a invitar para que vengan y trabajen esas tierras, con sus propias manos y conocimientos.\u00a0 \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa si no saben trabajar la tierra?\u00a0 Pues las compa\u00f1eras y compa\u00f1eros zapatistas les ense\u00f1an c\u00f3mo, y sus tiempos de la tierra, y sus cuidados.\u00a0 Creemos que es importante saber trabajar la tierra, es decir, saber respetarla.\u00a0 No creo que le haga da\u00f1o a nadie que, as\u00ed como estudia y aprenden en laboratorios y centros de investigaci\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n estudie y aprenda el trabajo del campo.\u00a0 Y todav\u00eda m\u00e1s mejor si esos pueblos hermanos tienen conocimientos y modo de trabajar la tierra y nos traen esos conocimientos y modos y as\u00ed tambi\u00e9n aprendemos nosotros.\u00a0 Es como una compartici\u00f3n, pero no s\u00f3lo palabras, sino que en la pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p>\n<p>No necesitamos que nos vengan a explicar la explotaci\u00f3n, porque nosotros la vivimos desde hace siglos.\u00a0 Tampoco que nos vengan a decir que hay que morirse para conseguir la libertad.\u00a0 Eso lo sabemos y lo practicamos todos los d\u00edas desde hace cientos de a\u00f1os.\u00a0 Lo que s\u00ed es bienvenido es el conocimiento y la pr\u00e1ctica para la vida.<\/p>\n<p>Mira, la delegaci\u00f3n que fue a Europa aprendi\u00f3 muchas cosas, pero la m\u00e1s importante que la aprendimos es que hay muchas personas, grupos, colectivos, organizaciones que est\u00e1n buscando la forma de luchar por la vida.\u00a0 Tienen otro color, otra lengua, otra costumbre, otra cultura, otro modo.\u00a0 Pero tienen lo mismo que nosotros, que es el coraz\u00f3n de lucha.<\/p>\n<p>No est\u00e1n buscando qui\u00e9n es m\u00e1s mejor, o que les den un lugar en los malos gobiernos.\u00a0 Est\u00e1n buscando curar el mundo.\u00a0 Y s\u00ed, son muy diferentes entre ellos.\u00a0 Pero son iguales, o m\u00e1s bien somos iguales.\u00a0 Porque queremos realmente construir otra cosa, y esa cosa es la libertad.\u00a0 O sea, la vida.<\/p>\n<p>Y nosotras las comunidades zapatistas decimos que son nuestra familia todas esas personas.\u00a0 No importa que est\u00e9n muy lejos.\u00a0 Y en esa familia hay hermanas mayores, hermanos mayores, hermanitas y hermanitos.\u00a0 Y no hay qui\u00e9n mejor.\u00a0 Sino misma familia.\u00a0 Y como familia nos apoyamos cuando podemos, y nos ense\u00f1amos lo que sabemos.<\/p>\n<p>Y todas, todos, <strong><em>todoas<\/em><\/strong>, es gente de abajo.\u00a0 \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?\u00a0 Porque los de arriba predican la muerte porque eso le da ganancias.\u00a0 Los de arriba quieren que cambien las cosas, pero para su beneficio de ellos, aunque cada vez est\u00e1 m\u00e1s peor.\u00a0 Por eso son los de abajo los que van a luchar y est\u00e1n ya luchando por la vida.\u00a0 Si el sistema es de muerte, entonces la lucha por la vida es la lucha contra el sistema.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 sigue despu\u00e9s?\u00a0 Bueno, cada quien va construyendo su idea, su pensamiento, su plan de qu\u00e9 es mejor.\u00a0 Y cada quien tal vez tiene un pensamiento diferente y un modo distinto.\u00a0 Y eso hay que respetar.\u00a0 Porque es en la pr\u00e1ctica organizada donde cada quien ve qu\u00e9 s\u00ed resulta y que no.\u00a0 O sea que no hay recetas o manuales, porque lo que sirve para uno, tal vez no sirve para otro.\u00a0 El \u201ccom\u00fan\u201d mundial es la compartici\u00f3n de historias, de conocimientos, de luchas.<\/p>\n<p>O sea que, como quien dice, sigue el viaje por la vida.\u00a0 Por la lucha, pues.<\/p>\n<p>Desde las monta\u00f1as del Sureste Mexicano.<br \/>\nSubcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s.<br \/>\nM\u00e9xico, diciembre del 2023.\u00a0 500, 40, 30, 20, 10, 3, un a\u00f1o, unos meses, unas semanas, unos d\u00edas, apenas hace un rato. despu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>P.D.- Al terminar la entrevista y revisar \u00e9l si estaba cabal el sentido de sus explicaciones, el Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s -quien recibi\u00f3 el mando y la vocer\u00eda zapatista hace 10 a\u00f1os, en el 2013-, encendi\u00f3 el en\u00e9simo cigarrillo.\u00a0 Yo encend\u00ed la pipa.\u00a0 Quedamos mirando el dintel de la puerta de la champa.\u00a0 La madrugada daba paso al amanecer y las primeras luces del d\u00eda despertaban los sonidos en las monta\u00f1as del sureste mexicano.\u00a0 No dijimos m\u00e1s, pero tal vez ambos pensamos: \u201cy falta lo que falta\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>P.D. QUE DECLARA BAJO JURAMENTO. \u2013 En ning\u00fan momento o etapa de la deliberaci\u00f3n que condujo a la decisi\u00f3n que tomaron los pueblos zapatistas, salieron a relucir citas o notas de pie de p\u00e1gina o referencias, as\u00ed sea lejanas, de Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotski, Stalin, Mao, Bakunin, el Che, Fidel Castro, Kropotkin, Flores Mag\u00f3n, la Biblia, el Cor\u00e1n, Milton Freidman, Milei, el progresismo (si es que tiene alguna referencia bibliogr\u00e1fica que no sea la de sus caga tintas), la Teolog\u00eda de la Liberaci\u00f3n, Lombardo, Revueltas, Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Deleuze, lo que est\u00e9 de moda o modo en la izquierdas, o cualquier fuente de izquierdas, derechas, ni de los inexistentes centros.\u00a0 No s\u00f3lo, tambi\u00e9n me consta que no han le\u00eddo ninguna de las obras fundacionales de los ismos que alimentan sue\u00f1os y derrotas de la izquierda.\u00a0 Por mi parte, les doy un consejo no pedido a quienes leyeron estas l\u00edneas: cada quien es libre de hacer el rid\u00edculo, pero les recomendar\u00eda que antes de empezar con sus tonter\u00edas tipo \u201cel laboratorio de la Lacandona\u201d, \u201cel experimento zapatista\u201d, y de catalogar esto en uno u otro sentido, lo pensaran un poco.\u00a0 Porque, hablando de rid\u00edculos, ya vienen haciendo uno grande desde hace casi 30 a\u00f1os al \u201cexplicar\u201d el zapatismo.\u00a0 Tal vez ustedes no se acuerden ahora, pero ac\u00e1 lo que sobra, adem\u00e1s de dignidad y lodo, es memoria.\u00a0 Ni modos.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-24439\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=219%2C177&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=640%2C518&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=1024%2C828&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=768%2C621&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?w=1136&amp;ssl=1 1136w\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"177\" data-attachment-id=\"24439\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/2023\/10\/29\/segunda-parte-los-muertos-estornudan\/firma-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?fit=1136%2C919&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1136,919\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"firma\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?fit=640%2C518&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?fit=1024%2C828&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Doy fe.<br \/>\nEl Capit\u00e1n.[:en]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Twentieth and Last Part: The Common and Non-Property<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u201cOpen wide your eyes, son, and follow the Pujuy bird. He is not wrong.<br \/>\nHis destiny is like ours: to walk so that others do not get lost.\u201d<br \/>\nCanek.\u00a0 Ermilo Abreu G\u00f3mez<\/p>\n<p>On some past occasion, a few years ago, the Zapatista people explained to themselves the struggle \u201cas the women that we are\u201d pointing out, not a matter of mere will, disposition or study, but the material basis that made this change possible: economic independence of Zapatista women. And they were not referring to having a job and salary or the alms in coins with which governments across the political spectrum buy votes and memberships. They pointed to collective work as the fertile ground for this change. That is, organized work that was not intended for individual well-being, but for that of the group. It was not just about getting together for crafts, commerce, raising livestock, or planting and harvesting corn, coffee, and vegetables. Also, and, perhaps, above all, it was about their own spaces, without men. Imagine what in those times and places they spoke and speak among themselves: their pain, their anger, their ideas, their proposals, their dreams.<\/p>\n<p>I will not go into more detail about it \u2013 the companions have their own voice, history and destiny. I only mention it because it remains to be known what is the material base on which the new stage that the Zapatista communities have decided will be built. The new initiative, as outsiders would classify it.<\/p>\n<p>I am proud to point out that not only was the entire proposal the product, from its very conception, of the Zapatista organizational leadership collective- all of it of indigenous blood with Mayan roots. Also, that my work was limited to providing information that my bosses \u201ccrossed\u201d with their own, and, later, to look for and argue objections and probable future failures (the aforementioned \u201chypothesis\u201d to which I referred in a previous text). In the end, when they finished their deliberation and they specified the central idea, to submit it for consultation with all the peoples, I was as surprised as perhaps you will be now that you are going to know about it.<\/p>\n<p>In this other fragment of the interview with Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s, he explains to us how they came to this idea of \u200b\u200b\u201cthe common.\u201d Perhaps some of you can appreciate the deeply rebellious and subversive meaning of this in which, for the same reason, we risk our existence.<\/p>\n<p>The Captain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>-*-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>NON-OWNERSHIP.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Well, in summary this is our proposal: to establish extensions of the recovered land as common. That is, without property. Neither private, nor ejidal, nor communal, nor federal, nor state, nor business, nor anything. A non-ownership of land. As they say: \u201cland without papers.\u201d So, in those lands that are going to be defined, if they ask who owns that land or who is the owner, the answer will be: \u201cnobody\u2019s\u201d, that is, they are \u201ccommon\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>If you ask if it is the land of Zapatistas, or \u2018partidistas\u2019 or who, well, none of them. Or all of them, it\u2019s the same. There is no commissioner or agent to buy, kill, disappear. What there is, is people who work and take care of those lands. And they defend them.<\/p>\n<p>An important part is that, in order for this to be achieved, there has to be an agreement between the residents regardless of whether they are \u2018partidistas\u2019 or Zapatistas. In other words, they have to talk between themselves, not to bad governments. Seeking permission from bad governments has only brought divisions and even deaths among peasants themselves.<\/p>\n<p>So, respecting the lands that are personal-family property, and those that are for collective work, this non-ownership is created on land recovered in these years of war. And it is proposed that it is worked together in shifts, regardless of what party you are, or what religion, or what color, or what size, or what gender you are.<\/p>\n<p>The rules are simple: it has to be an agreement between the residents of a region. Do not grow drugs, do not sell the land, do not allow the entry of any company or industry. Paramilitaries are excluded. The product of the work of those lands belongs to those who work it in the agreed time. There are no taxes, nor payment of tithes. Each facility that is built is left for the next group. They take only the product of their work. But we will talk more about all this later.<\/p>\n<p>This, very summarized, is what was presented and consulted with all the Zapatista towns. And it turned out that the vast majority agreed. And also that, in some Zapatista regions, it had already been done for years.<\/p>\n<p>And what we did was, well, propose a path to cross the storm and reach the other side safely. And not to take that path alone as Zapatistas, but together as the indigenous peoples that we are. Of course, more will come out about this proposal: about health, about education, about justice, about government, about life. Let\u2019s say that we see this as necessary to be able to face the storm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>TO THINK THE PATH AND THE STEP.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>How did it get into our heads? Well, I\u2019ll tell you. We saw several things. So this idea didn\u2019t just come out at once. As if they came together and as if we saw it part by part and then everything together.<\/p>\n<p>One was the storm. Everything that refers to the unconformity of nature. Its way of protesting, increasingly louder and increasingly terrible. Because we say destruction, but many times what happens is that nature kind of recovers a place. Or that it attacks invasions of the system: dams, for example. Tourist places, for example, that are built over the death of the coasts. Megaprojects that hurt, injure the earth. So, there comes a response. Sometimes it responds quickly, sometimes it takes a while. And the human being, well, what the system has done with the human being, is as if stunned. Does not react. Although he sees that misfortune is coming, that there are warnings, that there are alerts, he continues as if nothing had happened and, well, things do happen. They say that such misfortune was surprising. But it turns out that for several years now people have been warning that the destruction of nature is going to take its toll. Science, not us, analyzes it and proves it. We, then, as people of the earth see it. Everything is useless.<\/p>\n<p>Misfortune does not suddenly appear in your house, no. First it gets closer, it makes its noise so you know it is coming. Knocks on your door. Breaks everything. Not only your house, your people, your life, but also your heart. You are no longer calm.<\/p>\n<p>Another thing is what they call social decomposition, or as they say, the social fabric breaks, because of violence. In other words, a community of people is related to certain rules or norms or agreements, as we say. Sometimes written laws are made and sometimes there is nothing written, but nonetheless, people know. In many communities they say \u201cact of agreement\u201d that is, it is put into words. \u201cThis can be done, this cannot be done, this has to be done,\u201d and so on. For example, whoever works advances. He who doesn\u2019t work stays poor. That it is wrong to force someone to do something that he or she does not want to do, for example, in the case of men against women. That it is wrong to abuse the weak. That it is wrong to kill, steal, rape. But what happens if it\u2019s the other way around? If evil is rewarded and goodness is persecuted and punished. For example, an indigenous farmer who sees that the destruction of a forest is wrong, then becomes its guardian. He protects the forest, therefore, from those who destroy it to make a profit. Defending is a good thing, because that brother or sister is taking care of life. That is humane, it is not religious. But it happens that this guardian is persecuted, imprisoned and, not infrequently, murdered. And if you ask what his crime is, why they killed him, and you hear that his crime was defending life, like brother Samir Flores Soberanes, then it is clear that the system is sick, that it no longer has a remedy, that you have to look elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>What does it take to realize this disease, this rottenness of humanity? You don\u2019t need a religion, or a science, or an ideology. Just look, listen, feel.<\/p>\n<p>And then we see that the big bosses, the capitalists, don\u2019t care what happens tomorrow. They want to earn pay today. As much as possible and as quickly as possible. It doesn\u2019t matter if you tell them: \u201chey, but what you do destroys and the destruction spreads, grows, becomes uncontrollable and returns to you. As if you were spitting up into the air or urinating against the wind. It comes back to you.\u201d And you may think that it is good that misfortune happens to a scoundrel. But it turns out that, before that, it takes away quite a few people who don\u2019t even know why. Like babies, for example. What will a child know about religions, ideologies, political parties or whatever. But the system holds those babies responsible. It makes them pay. It destroys in their name, it kills in their name, it lies in their name. And they inherit death and destruction.<\/p>\n<p>So, it doesn\u2019t seem like it\u2019s going to get better. What we know is that it will get worse. And that, whatever happens, we have to cross the storm and get to the other side. Survive.<\/p>\n<p>Another thing is what we saw on the Journey for Life. What is going on in those parts that are supposed to be more advanced, that are more developed as they say. We saw that all that talk about \u201cWestern civilization\u201d, \u201cprogress\u201d and things like that is a lie. We saw that there was what is necessary for wars and crimes. Now we actually saw two things: one is where the storm is headed if we don\u2019t do anything. The other is what other organized rebellions are building in those geographies. In other words, those people look at the same thing that we look at. That is, the storm.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to these brother peoples we were able to broaden our vision, make it wider. That is, not only look further, but also look at more things. More world, that is.<\/p>\n<p>So we, as indigenous peoples, ask ourselves what will we do, if it is already over, if it is every man for himself. But we see those brothers who act like they don\u2019t care what happens to others, that they only look out for themselves, and then it reaches them anyway. They believe they are safe locked inside themselves. But that does not work at all.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ROAD OF MEMORY.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So we think, we remember how it was before. We talked about it to our elders. We asked them if it was like this before. We ask them to tell us if there has always been darkness, death, destruction. Where did that idea of \u200b\u200bthe world come from? How come everything got fucked up. We think that if we know when and how the light, the good thought, the complete knowledge of what is good and what is bad was lost, then maybe we can find that and with that fight for everything to become complete, as it should be, respecting life.<\/p>\n<p>And then we saw how that came to be and we saw that it came with private property. And it is not about changing the name and saying that there is ejidal property or small property or federal property. Because in all cases it is the bad government that gives the papers. In other words, it is the bad government that says if something exists and, with its trick, whether it ceases to exist. As it did with the reform of Salinas de Gortari and with the blows against communal property, which only existed if it was registered and that, with the same laws, they diminish it until it disappears. And communal property, let\u2019s say registered, also causes divisions and confrontations. Because those lands legally belong to some, but against others. Property papers do not say \u201cthis is yours\u201d, what they say is \u201cthis is not that person\u2019s, attack him\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>And there you have the peasants going round and round to be given a piece of paper that says that what is theirs is theirs because they already work for it. And peasants waging war against peasants not even over a piece of land, no, it\u2019s over a piece of paper that says who owns that land. And whoever has more papers, well, has more paid support, that is, more deception. Because it turns out that if you have a paper they give you a social program, but they ask you to support, for example, a candidate because that candidate is going to give you the paper and give you money. But it turns out that that same government is deceiving you, because it sells that paper to a company. And then it turns out that the company comes and tells you that you have to leave because that land is not yours because the \u2018pinche\u2019 businessman now has the paper. And you leave either willingly or forcefully. And there they have armies, police and paramilitaries to convince you to leave.<\/p>\n<p>It is enough for the company to say that it wants such land, for the government to decree the expropriation of those lands and tells the company to do its business \u201cfor a while.\u201d That\u2019s what they do with megaprojects.<\/p>\n<p>And all for a \u2018pinche\u2019 piece of paper. Although the paper is as old as New Spain, the paper is worthless to the powerful. It\u2019s a hoax. It is so that you can trust and be calm until the system discovers that, beneath your poverty, there is oil, gold, uranium, silver. Or that there is a spring of pure water, and now it turns out that water is already a commodity that is bought and sold.<\/p>\n<p>A commodity like your parents, your grandparents, your great-grandparents were. A commodity like you are, and your children, your grandchildren, your great-grandchildren will be, and so on for generations.<\/p>\n<p>So the paper is like the labels of merchandise in the markets, it is the price of the land, of your work, of your descendants. And you don\u2019t realize it, but you\u2019re already lined up in line at the cashier and you\u2019re going to arrive. And it turns out that not only are you going to have to pay, you are also going to leave the store and find that they have taken your merchandise, that you don\u2019t even have the paper that you and your ancestors fought so hard for. And that maybe you will inherit a paper for your children, and maybe not even that. Government papers are the price of your life, you have to pay that price with your life. So you are a legal commodity. That\u2019s the only difference with slavery.<\/p>\n<p>Then the older ones tell you that the problem, the division, the arguments and the fights, came when the property papers arrived. It\u2019s not that there weren\u2019t problems before, it\u2019s that they were resolved by making an agreement.<\/p>\n<p>And the problem is that you can make many papers that split the earth many times, but the earth does not grow like the papers. A hectare is still a hectare, even if there are many papers.<\/p>\n<p>Then what happens now with that thing they call \u2018Cuarta Transformaci\u00f3n\u2019 and its \u201cSembrando Vida\u201d program: in the ejidos there are the \u2018right-holders\u2019 \u2013 who are the ejidatarios who have the aforementioned paper of agrarian certificate -, and the \u2018applicants\u2019 who, although they participate in the community , they have no paper, because the land is already distributed. Supposedly, the applicants are requesting a piece of land, but in reality, they are requesting a piece of paper that says they are peasants who work the land. So, it is not that the government comes and tells them that such land is theirs. No. It tells them that, if they prove ownership of 2 hectares, they will be given financial support. But where do those 2 hectares come from? Well, from the \u2018right-holders\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, the land that the paper says is one\u2019s property has to be broken into pieces for the applicants. It has to be broken up so that there can be several papers of the same paper. There is no agrarian distribution, there is fragmentation of property. And what happens if the \u2018right-holder\u2019 doesn\u2019t want to or can\u2019t? His children want the financial support, but they need the paper. Then they fight with the father. The daughters? Not even taking into account, women do not count in the pieces of paper. And children fight to the death against parents. And the children win and with that paper, because the land remains the same and continues to be where it was, they receive their money. With that payment they go into debt, buy something, or get together to pay the coyote to go to the United States. Since they can\u2019t afford it, they sell the paper to someone else. They go to work abroad and it turns out that they are earning to pay back those who lent them. Yes, they send remittances to their relatives, but their families use that to pay the debt. After a while, that child returns or is returned. That is if they don\u2019t kill him or kidnap him. But he no longer has land, because he sold the paper and now that land belongs to the person who has the paper. So he murdered his father for a paper he no longer has. And then he has to find the payment to buy the paper again.<\/p>\n<p>The population grows, but the land does not grow. There are more papers, but it is only the same area of \u200b\u200bland. What is going to happen? That right now they are killing each other between right-holders and applicants, but later they are going to kill each other between applicants. His children are going to fight among themselves, just as he fought against his parents.<\/p>\n<p>For example: you are a right-holder with 20 hectares and you have, let\u2019s say, 4 children. It is the first generation. You distribute the land or rather the paper and there is now a 5-hectare paper for each one. Then those 4 children have four other children each, second generation, and they distribute their 5 hectares and they get a little more than one hectare each. Then those 4 grandchildren have another 4 children each, third generation, and they divide the paper and each one gets about a quarter of a hectare. Then those great-grandchildren have 4 children each, fourth generation, and they divide the paper and they get a tenth of a hectare each. And I no longer continue, because just in 40 years, in the second generation, they are going to kill each other. That\u2019s what bad governments are doing: they are sowing death.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE OLD NEW ROAD.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What has what they say about \u201cmaterial base\u201d been like in our history of struggle?<\/p>\n<p>Well, first was the food. With the recovery of the lands that were in the hands of the large landowners, the diet improved. Hunger was no longer the guest in our homes. Then, with the autonomy and support of people who are \u201cgood people,\u201d we say, health followed. Here the support of the fraternal doctors was and is very important, which is what we call them because they are like our brothers who help us not only with serious illnesses. Also, and, above all, in preparation, that is, in health knowledge. Then education. Then the work on the land. Then what is the government and administration of the Zapatista people themselves. Then what is government and peaceful coexistence with those who are not Zapatistas.<\/p>\n<p>The material basis of this, that is, the form of production is a coexistence of individual-family work with collective work. Collective work made it possible for the colleagues to take off and participate in autonomy.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s say that the first 10 years of autonomy, that is, from the uprising to the birth of the Juntas de Buen Gobierno, in 2003, were years of learning. The next 10 years, until 2013, were about learning the importance of generational change. From 2013 up to date it has been about verifying, criticizing and self-criticizing errors in operation, administration and ethics.<\/p>\n<p>In what follows now, we will have a stage of learning and readjustment. In other words, we will have many errors and problems, because there is no manual or book that tells you how to do it. We will have many falls, yes, but we will get up again and again to continue walking. That is, we are Zapatistas.<\/p>\n<p>The material base or production base of this stage will be a combination of individual-family work, collective work and this new thing that we call \u201ccommon work\u201d or \u201cnon-ownership.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Individual-family work is based on small and personal property. A person and his\/her family work their piece of land, their little store, their mobile phone, their livestock. The profit or benefit is for that family.<\/p>\n<p>Collective work is based on the agreement between colleagues to do work on collective land (assigned before the war and expanded after the war). Work is distributed according to time, capacity and disposition. The gain or benefit is for the collective. It is usually used for parties, mobilizations, acquisition of health equipment, training of health and education promoters, and for the movements and maintenance of authorities and autonomous commissions.<\/p>\n<p>The common work begins, now, in tenure of land. A portion of the recovered lands are declared as \u201ccommon work.\u201d That is, it is not parceled out and is not owned by anyone, neither small, nor medium, nor large property. That land belongs to no one, it has no owner. And, in agreement with nearby communities, they \u201clend\u201d each other that land to work on. It cannot be sold or bought. It cannot be used for the production, transfer or consumption of narcotics. The work is done in \u201cshifts\u201d agreed upon with the GALs and the non-Zapatista brothers. The benefit or gain is for those who work, but the property is not, it is a non-property that is used in common. It doesn\u2019t matter if you are Zapatista, \u2018partidista\u2019, Catholic, evangelical, Presbyterian, atheist, Jewish, Muslim, black, white, dark, yellow, red, woman, man, \u2018otroa\u2019. You can work the land in common, with the agreement of the GALs, CGAL and ACGal, by town, region or zone, who are the ones who control compliance with the rules of common use. Everything that serves the common good, nothing that goes against the common good.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A WORLDWIDE SHARING: THE TOUR FOR LIFE.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A few hectares of this Non-Property will be proposed to sister nations in other geographies of the world. We are going to invite them to come and work those lands, with their own hands and knowledge. What happens if they don\u2019t know how to work the land? Well, the Zapatista comrades will teach them how, and the times of the land, and its care. We believe that it is important to know how to work the land, that is, to know how to respect it. I don\u2019t think it hurts anyone that, just as they study and learn in laboratories and research centers, they also study and learn field work. And it is even better if these brother peoples have knowledge and a way of working the land and they bring us that knowledge and ways, and that is how we also learn. It\u2019s like a sharing, but not just words, but in practice.<\/p>\n<p>We do not need people to explain exploitation to us, because we have experienced it for centuries. Nor for them to come and tell us that we have to die to achieve freedom. We know that and have practiced it every day for hundreds of years. What is welcome is knowledge and practice for life.<\/p>\n<p>Look, the delegation that went to Europe learned many things, but the most important thing we learned is that there are many people, groups, collectives, organizations that are looking for a way to fight for life. They have another color, another language, another custom, another culture, another way. But they have the same thing as us, which is the heart of struggle.<\/p>\n<p>They are not looking for who is better, or to be given a place in bad governments. They are seeking to heal the world. And yes, they are very different from each other. But they are equal, or rather we are equal. Because we really want to build something else, and that thing is freedom. That is, life.<\/p>\n<p>And we, the Zapatista communities, say that all of these people are our family. It doesn\u2019t matter that they are very far away. And in that family there are older sisters, older brothers, little sisters and little brothers. And there is no one better. But same family. And as a family we support each other when we can, and we teach each other what we know.<\/p>\n<p>And all, women, men and \u2018otroas\u2019 are people from below. Why? Because those at the top preach death because that gives them profits. Those at the top want things to change, but for their benefit, although it is getting worse and worse. That is why it is those below who are going to fight and are already fighting for life. If the system is one of death, then the fight for life is the fight against the system.<\/p>\n<p>What comes next? Well, everyone builds their idea, their thinking, their plan of what is best. And each person perhaps has a different thought and a different way. And that must be respected. Because it is in organized practice where everyone sees what works and what doesn\u2019t. In other words, there are no recipes or manuals, because what works for one may not work for another. The global \u201ccommon\u201d is the sharing of stories, of knowledge, of struggles.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, as they say, the journey for life continues. That is, for the struggle.<\/p>\n<p>From the mountains of the Mexican Southeast.<br \/>\nSubcommander Insurgent Mois\u00e9s.<br \/>\nMexico, December 2023. 500, 40, 30, 20, 10, 3, a year, a few months, a few weeks, a few days, just a while ago. After.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P.S.- At the end of the interview and after he had checked whether the meaning of his explanations was complete and correct, Subcommander Insurgent Mois\u00e9s \u2013 who received command and the Zapatista spokesperson 10 years ago, in 2013 \u2013 lit the umpteenth cigarette. I lit the pipe. We stood looking at the lintel of the \u2018champa\u2019 door. Early morning gave way to dawn and the first lights of day woke up the sounds in the mountains of southeastern Mexico. We didn\u2019t say more, but maybe we both thought: \u201cand what\u2019s missing is yet to come.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>P.S. WHICH DECLAREs UNDER OATH. \u2013 At no moment or stage of the deliberation that led to the decision made by the Zapatista peoples, did quotes or footnotes or references, even distant ones, come to light from Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Mao, Bakunin, Che, Fidel Castro, Kropotkin, Flores Mag\u00f3n, the Bible, the Koran, Milton Freidman, Milei, progressivism (if it has any bibliographical reference other than its \u2018cagatintas\u2019), Liberation Theology, Lombardo, Revueltas, Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Deleuze, whatever is fashionable or fashionable on the left, or any source from the left, right, or from the non-existent centers. Not only, I also know that they have not read any of the founding works of the isms that fuel the dreams and defeats of the left. For my part, I give unsolicited advice to those who read these lines: everyone is free to make a fool of themselves, but I would recommend that before starting with their nonsense like \u201cthe Lacandona laboratory\u201d, \u201cthe Zapatista experiment\u201d, and to categorize this in one sense or another, they think about it a little. Because, speaking of ridiculous, they have already been making a big deal for almost 30 years by \u201cexplaining\u201d Zapatismo. Maybe you don\u2019t remember now, but what\u2019s left over here, in addition to dignity and mud, is memory. Sorry.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-24439\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=219%2C177&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=640%2C518&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=1024%2C828&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=768%2C621&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?w=1136&amp;ssl=1 1136w\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"177\" data-attachment-id=\"24439\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/2023\/10\/29\/segunda-parte-los-muertos-estornudan\/firma-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?fit=1136%2C919&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1136,919\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"firma\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?fit=640%2C518&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?fit=1024%2C828&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>I attest<br \/>\nThe Captain[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Vig\u00e9sima y \u00daltima Parte: El Com\u00fan y la No Propiedad \u201cAbre bien los ojos, hijo, y sigue al p\u00e1jaro Pujuy. \u00c9l no se equivoca. Su destino es como el nuestro: caminar para que otros no se pierdan\u201d. Canek.\u00a0 Ermilo Abreu G\u00f3mez \u00a0 En alguna ocasi\u00f3n pasada, har\u00e1 ya algunos a\u00f1os, los pueblos zapatistas se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,118,955,954],"tags":[644,926],"class_list":["post-47066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chiapas","category-ezln","category-ezln-temas","category-mexico","tag-comunicados-ezln","tag-ezln"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47066"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47137,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47066\/revisions\/47137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/47067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}