\n<\/strong>Conclusiones del an\u00e1lisis cr\u00edtico de MAREZ y JBG.
\n<\/strong>(Fragmento de la entrevista hecha al SubComandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s en los meses de agosto-septiembre del 2023, en las monta\u00f1as del Sureste Mexicano)<\/p>\n
Noviembre del 2023.<\/p>\n
Introducci\u00f3n. \u2013<\/p>\n
\u00bfQui\u00e9n construy\u00f3 Tebas, la de las siete Puertas? En los libros aparecen los nombres de los reyes. \u00bfArrastraron los reyes los bloques de piedra? Y Babilonia, destruida tantas veces, \u00bfqui\u00e9n la volvi\u00f3 siempre a construir? \u00bfEn qu\u00e9 casas de la dorada Lima viv\u00edan los constructores? \u00bfA d\u00f3nde fueron los alba\u00f1iles la noche en que fue terminada la Muralla China? La gran Roma est\u00e1 llena de arcos de triunfo. \u00bfQui\u00e9n los erigi\u00f3?<\/em><\/p>\n Bertold Brecht.<\/strong><\/p>\n Sabida es la obsesi\u00f3n que tienen los sistemas dominantes, a lo largo de su historia, en rescatar la imagen de las clases o castas dominantes derrotadas.\u00a0 Como si en el vencedor estuviera la preocupaci\u00f3n de neutralizar la imagen del vencido: obviar su ca\u00edda.\u00a0 En el estudio de los restos de la civilizaci\u00f3n o cultura vencida, se suele hacer hincapi\u00e9 en los grandes palacios de los gobernantes, las construcciones de car\u00e1cter religioso de la alta jerarqu\u00eda, y en las estatuas o monumentos que los dominantes de entonces hac\u00edan de s\u00ed mismos.<\/p>\n No siempre con genuino inter\u00e9s antropol\u00f3gico o arqueol\u00f3gico (no es lo mismo), se estudian, por ejemplo, las pir\u00e1mides. Su sentido arquitect\u00f3nico-religioso -a veces tambi\u00e9n cient\u00edfico-, y lo que en los folletos tur\u00edsticos (y los programas pol\u00edticos de todo el espectro) llaman \u201cel esplendor del pasado\u201d.<\/p>\n Es natural que los distintos gobiernos se fijen y, no sin suspiros anhelantes, se concentren en reyes y reinas. Los grandes palacios y pir\u00e1mides pueden ser se\u00f1alados como referentes del avance cient\u00edfico de esas \u00e9pocas, de la organizaci\u00f3n social y de las causas \u201cde su desarrollo y declive\u201d, pero a ning\u00fan gobernante le gusta ver reflejado su futuro en el pasado.\u00a0 Por eso retuercen la historia pasada y es posible reagendar fundaciones de ciudades, imperios y \u201ctransformaciones\u00bb. As\u00ed que, sin darse cuenta, cada selfie<\/em> que se toman en sitios arqueol\u00f3gicos oculta m\u00e1s de lo que muestra.\u00a0 All\u00e1 arriba, el vencedor del hoy ser\u00e1 el derrotado del ma\u00f1ana.<\/p>\n Pero, si no se menciona que esas construcciones debieron tener qui\u00e9nes las dise\u00f1aran -sus arquitectos, ingenieros y artistas-, mucho menos habr\u00e1 referencia a \u201cla mano de obra\u201d, es decir, a los hombres y mujeres sobre cuyas espaldas (en m\u00e1s de un sentido) se levantaron esas maravillas que asombran a turistas de todo el mundo, mientras hacen tiempo para ir al antro, al mall y a la playa.<\/p>\n De ah\u00ed a ignorar que la descendencia de esa \u201cmano de obra\u201d se mantiene viva y actuante, con lengua y cultura, hay un solo paso.\u00a0 Las originarios que levantaron, por ejemplo, las pir\u00e1mides de Teotihuac\u00e1n y de la zona Maya en el sureste mexicano, existen (es decir, resisten) y, a veces, agregan a su resistencia ese componente subversivo que es la rebeld\u00eda.<\/p>\n En el caso de M\u00e9xico, los distintos gobiernos prefieren a los originarios como artesan\u00eda viva y, a veces, como coreograf\u00eda a modo.\u00a0 El gobierno actual no representa ning\u00fan cambio en esto (bueno, no s\u00f3lo en eso, pero no es el tema).\u00a0 Los pueblos originarios siguen siendo objeto de la limosna (esa aspirina para sinverg\u00fcenzas), acarreo electoral, curiosidad artesanal y punto de fuga para quienes administran la destrucci\u00f3n en curso: \u201cvoy a destruir tu vida, es decir, tu territorio; pero no te preocupes, voy a conservar las pir\u00e1mides de quienes explotaron a tus ancestros y esas cosas chistosas que hablas, vistes y haces\u201d.<\/p>\n Dicho lo anterior, esta \u201cimagen\u201d de la pir\u00e1mide -la punta superior angosta y la base inferior ancha-, es usada ahora por el Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s para explicarnos algo de lo que fue el an\u00e1lisis (feroz e implacable, a mi entender) del trabajo de los MAREZ y Juntas de Buen Gobierno.<\/p>\n El Capit\u00e1n<\/p>\n Algo de historia, no mucha, s\u00f3lo de 30 a\u00f1os.<\/strong><\/p>\n Los MAREZ y Juntas de Bueno Gobierno no fueron todo mal.\u00a0 Hay que recordar c\u00f3mo llegamos a ellos y a ellas.\u00a0 Para los pueblos zapatistas fueron como una escuela de alfabetizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica.\u00a0 Una auto alfabetizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n La mayor\u00eda no sab\u00edamos leer, ni escribir, ni hablar espa\u00f1ol.\u00a0 Adem\u00e1s, hablamos distintas lenguas.\u00a0 Eso fue bueno, porque entonces nuestra idea y nuestra pr\u00e1ctica no vino de fuera, sino que tuvimos que buscar en nuestras cabezas, en nuestra historia como ind\u00edgenas, en nuestro modo pues.<\/p>\n Nunca hab\u00edamos tenido la oportunidad de gobernarnos.\u00a0 Siempre fuimos gobernados.\u00a0 A\u00fan desde antes de los espa\u00f1oles, el imperio Azteca, al que mucho quiere el actual gobierno -creo porque les gusta eso de los mandones-, oprim\u00eda a muchas lenguas y culturas.\u00a0 No s\u00f3lo en lo que ahora es M\u00e9xico, tambi\u00e9n en lo que ahora es Centroam\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n La situaci\u00f3n en la que est\u00e1bamos pues era de muerte y desesperaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 Nos cerraron todo.\u00a0 No hab\u00eda ni puertas, ni ventanas, ni rendijas.\u00a0 Como que quer\u00edan que muri\u00e9ramos ahogados.\u00a0 Entonces pues, como quien dice, tuvimos que abrir una grieta en ese muro que nos encerraba y nos condenaba.\u00a0 Como si todo fuera oscuridad y con nuestra sangre prendi\u00e9ramos una lucecita.\u00a0 Eso fue el alzamiento zapatista, una lucecita en la noche m\u00e1s oscura.<\/p>\n Luego vino que mucha gente pidi\u00f3 que alto al fuego, que hay que hablar.\u00a0 De eso pues ya saben los ciudadanos.\u00a0 A muchos de ellos les hab\u00eda pasado lo mismo que a nosotros, que los malos gobiernos no cumplen nunca.\u00a0 Y no cumplen porque los gobiernos son los principales opresores.\u00a0 Entonces pues ten\u00edamos que escoger si esperamos que alg\u00fan d\u00eda cumplen, o le buscamos por nuestro lado.\u00a0 Y escogimos buscar nuestro camino.<\/p>\n Y bueno, pues hab\u00eda que organizarse para eso.\u00a0 Nos hab\u00edamos organizado y preparado durante 10 a\u00f1os para levantarnos en armas, para morir y matar, pues.\u00a0 Y entonces resulta que ten\u00edamos que organizarnos para vivir.\u00a0 Y vivir es libertad.\u00a0 Y justicia.\u00a0 Y poder gobernarnos nosotros mismos como pueblos, no como ni\u00f1os chiquitos que as\u00ed nos ven los gobiernos.<\/p>\n Ah\u00ed fue donde lleg\u00f3 en nuestra cabeza que tenemos que hacer un gobierno que obedezca.\u00a0 O sea que no haga como quiere, sino que cumpla con lo que dicen los pueblos.\u00a0 O sea \u201cmandar obedeciendo\u201d, que es la palabra que ahora plagian los sinverg\u00fcenzas de ahora (o sea que no s\u00f3lo plagian tesis. Nota de la redacci\u00f3n<\/em>).<\/p>\n Entonces con los municipios aut\u00f3nomos aprendimos que s\u00ed podemos auto gobernarnos.\u00a0 Y eso fue posible porque muchas personas nos apoyaron sin inter\u00e9s para encontrar el camino de vida.\u00a0 O sea que esa gente no vino a ver qu\u00e9 sacaba -como \u00e9sos que me imagino que t\u00fa les vas a contar a los de afuera cuando hables de los 30 a\u00f1os-, sino realmente se comprometi\u00f3 con un proyecto de vida.\u00a0 Y hubo quien quiere decirnos c\u00f3mo debemos hacer.\u00a0 Pero no nos alzamos en armas para cambiar de patr\u00f3n.\u00a0 No hay patr\u00f3n bueno.\u00a0 Pero hubo otras personas que s\u00ed nos respetaron nuestro pensamiento, nuestro modo.<\/p>\n El valor de la palabra.<\/strong><\/p>\n Cuando nosotros obtenemos ese apoyo, pues es como un compromiso que hacemos nosotros.\u00a0 Si decimos que necesitamos apoyo para hacer escuelas y cl\u00ednicas, para preparar promotores de salud y de educaci\u00f3n, por dar un ejemplo, pues tenemos que cumplir.\u00a0 O sea que no podemos decir que es para una cosa y la usamos para otra.\u00a0 Ten\u00edamos y tenemos que ser honrados, porque esa gente no viene a explotarnos, sino a animarnos.\u00a0 As\u00ed lo vimos.<\/p>\n Entonces pues tenemos que aguantar los ataques y las chingaderas de los malos gobiernos, de los finqueros, de las grandes empresas, que est\u00e1n dale y dale para probarnos a ver si aguantamos o f\u00e1cil es que nos caemos en una provocaci\u00f3n para acusarnos que decimos mentiras, que queremos tambi\u00e9n Poder y paga.\u00a0 Y eso del Poder pues es como una enfermedad que mata las buenas ideas y corrompe, o sea que como que enferma a la gente.\u00a0 Y ah\u00ed tienes que una persona que parece buena gente, pues ya con Poder pues se enloquece.\u00a0 O tal vez ya estaba loco y el Poder como que le encuer\u00f3 su coraz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n Entonces pues pensamos que necesitamos organizar, por ejemplo, nuestra salud.\u00a0 Porque claro vimos y vemos que lo que hace el gobierno es una gran mentira que s\u00f3lo es para robar y no le importa que la gente se muera, sobre todo si es ind\u00edgena.<\/p>\n Y pas\u00f3 que, cuando hacemos esa grieta en el sistema y nos asomamos, pues vemos muchas cosas.\u00a0 Pero tambi\u00e9n mucha gente nos ve.\u00a0 Y entre esa gente, hay quien nos mir\u00f3 y se arriesg\u00f3 en ayudar y apoyar.\u00a0 Porque \u00bfqu\u00e9 tal que somos mentirosos y no hacemos lo que decimos?\u00a0 Pero bueno, se arriesgaron y pues nos comprometieron.<\/p>\n Mira, all\u00e1 afuera, en las ciudades, la palabra no vale.\u00a0 Pueden decir una cosa en un momento, y en un minuto despu\u00e9s dicen lo contrario y como si nada, tranquilos.\u00a0 Ah\u00ed est\u00e1 por ejemplo la que dicen \u201cma\u00f1anera\u201d, que un d\u00eda una cosa y otro d\u00eda lo contrario.\u00a0 Pero, como da paga, pues le aplauden y contentos porque les da unas limosnas que ni siquiera sale esa paga de su trabajo, sino de lo que da la gente trabajadora a los gobiernos con los impuestos, que son como el \u201ccobro de piso\u201d del crimen desorganizado.<\/p>\n Entonces esa gente nos apoya y empezamos poco a poco con medicina preventiva.\u00a0 Como ya hab\u00edamos recuperado las tierras, pues mejoramos nuestra alimentaci\u00f3n, pero se necesitaba m\u00e1s.\u00a0 Entonces pues salud.\u00a0 Hay que recuperar los conocimientos de herbolaria, pero no bastan, se necesita tambi\u00e9n la ciencia.\u00a0 Y gracias que doctores y doctoras, que les decimos \u201cfraternidades\u201d porque son como nuestros hermanos, se pusieron a modo y nos orientaron.\u00a0 As\u00ed pues que nacieron o se formaron los primeros formadores de Salud, o sea los que preparan a los promotores.<\/p>\n Y tambi\u00e9n pues la educaci\u00f3n, sobre todo la castilla.\u00a0 Porque para nosotros es muy importante el espa\u00f1ol porque es como el puente en que podemos comunicarnos y entendernos entre lenguas diferentes.\u00a0 Por ejemplo, si hablas tzeltal pues vas a batallar para comunicarte con lengua cho\u00b4ol, o tzotzil, o tojolabal, o zoque, o mame, o quich\u00e9.\u00a0 Entonces pues hay que aprender el espa\u00f1ol.\u00a0 Y las escuelas aut\u00f3nomas son muy importantes para eso.\u00a0 Por ejemplo, nuestra generaci\u00f3n pues habla combinado lengua y espa\u00f1ol, o sea no mero bien, o sea que hablamos chueco.\u00a0 Pero ya hay generaciones de j\u00f3venes, que aprendieron en escuelas aut\u00f3nomas, que lo saben mejor la castilla que algunos ciudadanos.\u00a0 El finado SupMarcos dec\u00eda que esos j\u00f3venes pod\u00edan corregirle los escritos a estudiantes de Universidad.\u00a0 Y t\u00fa lo sabes que, antes, para hacer una denuncia, ten\u00eda que irse a la Comandancia para redactar.\u00a0 Pero luego ya no.\u00a0 En cada autoridad aut\u00f3noma hab\u00eda un o una escribidora, y pues cabal sal\u00eda.<\/p>\n Luego pues un avance como que empuja a otro.\u00a0 Y al poco tiempo pues esos j\u00f3venes quieren m\u00e1s, aprender m\u00e1s.\u00a0 Entonces organizamos nuestra salud en cada pueblo, cada regi\u00f3n y zona. Vamos avanzando en cada \u00e1rea de la salud, parteras, plantas medicinales, hueseros, laboratorio, dentista, ultrasonido, entre otras \u00e1reas, hay cl\u00ednicas.\u00a0 E igual en la escuela, es decir, educaci\u00f3n. Decimos escuela, porque educaci\u00f3n nos falta tambi\u00e9n los adultos, es muy amplio para nosotros, educaci\u00f3n, y no solo los ni\u00f1os y adolescentes.<\/p>\n Adem\u00e1s, organizamos el trabajo productivo porque ya tenemos tierra, que antes estaba en manos de los finqueros.\u00a0 Y as\u00ed trabajamos en familiar y en colectivo la milpa, el frijolar, el cafetal, hortalizas, granjas.\u00a0 Y algo de ganado, que m\u00e1s se usa para emergencias econ\u00f3micas y para las fiestas.\u00a0 El trabajo colectivo permiti\u00f3 la independencia econ\u00f3mica de las compa\u00f1eras y eso trajo muchas cosas m\u00e1s.\u00a0 Pero de eso ya han hablado ellas.<\/p>\n Una escuela.<\/strong><\/p>\n O sea que como quien dice que aprendimos a gobernarnos y as\u00ed pudimos hacer a un lado a los malos gobiernos y a organizaciones que dizque son izquierdistas, progresistas y no s\u00e9 qu\u00e9 tanto.\u00a0 30 a\u00f1os aprendiendo de lo que es ser aut\u00f3nomo, o sea que nos auto dirigimos, nos autogobernamos.\u00a0 Y no ha sido f\u00e1cil, porque todos los gobiernos que han pasado de PRI, PAN, PRD, PT, VERDE y MORENA pues no se acaba su gana de destruirnos.\u00a0 Por eso, igual que en los gobiernos pasados, en \u00e9ste sali\u00f3 eso de que ya nos desaparecimos, o que ya nos huimos, o que ya estamos muy derrotados, o que ya no hay de zapatista, que nos fuimos a Estados Unidos o a Guatemala.\u00a0 Pero ya ves, pues aqu\u00ed estamos.\u00a0 En resistencia y rebeld\u00eda.<\/p>\n Y lo m\u00e1s importante que aprendimos en los MAREZ es que la autonom\u00eda no es de teor\u00eda, de escribir libros y hacer discursos.\u00a0 Es de hacer.\u00a0 Y lo tenemos que hacer nosotros como pueblos, y no esperar que alguien viene a hacerlo por nosotros.<\/p>\n Todo eso es, digamos que lo bueno de MAREZ: una escuela de autonom\u00eda pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p>\n Y las Juntas de Buen Gobierno pues tambi\u00e9n fueron muy importantes porque con ellas aprendimos a intercambiar ideas de luchas con otros hermanos de M\u00e9xico y del mundo, donde vimos bien la agarramos y donde vimos que no, lo desechamos.\u00a0 Algunos nos dicen que tenemos que obedecer as\u00ed como dicen.\u00a0 \u00bfD\u00f3nde va a ser eso?\u00a0 Si nosotros pusimos nuestra vida en juego.\u00a0 O sea que eso valemos: nuestra sangre y la de generaciones de antes y de las que vienen.\u00a0 No estamos para que nadie nos venga a decir qu\u00e9 vamos a hacer, aunque muy sabedor se presuma.\u00a0 Con las JBG aprendimos a encontrarnos y a organizarnos, a pensar, a opinar, a proponer, a discutir, a estudiar, a analizar y a decidir por nosotros mismos.<\/p>\n O sea que, como resumen, te digo que los MAREZ y JBG sirvieron para que aprendi\u00e9ramos que la teor\u00eda sin pr\u00e1ctica es pura lengua.\u00a0 Y que la pr\u00e1ctica sin teor\u00eda, pues andas como ciego.\u00a0 Y como de lo que empezamos a hacer no hay teor\u00eda o sea que no hay manual o un libro, pues entonces tambi\u00e9n lo hemos tenido que hacer nuestra propia teor\u00eda.\u00a0 A los tropezones hicimos la teor\u00eda y la pr\u00e1ctica.\u00a0 Creo por eso no muy nos quieren los te\u00f3ricos y las vanguardias revolucionarias, porque no s\u00f3lo les quitamos la chamba.\u00a0 Tambi\u00e9n les mostramos que una cosa es el palabrer\u00edo y otra la realidad.\u00a0 Y aqu\u00ed estamos los ignorantes y retrasados como nos dicen, que no podemos encontrar el camino porque somos campesinos.\u00a0 Pero aqu\u00ed estamos y aunque nos nieguen, existimos.\u00a0 Ni modos.<\/p>\n La Pir\u00e1mide.<\/strong><\/p>\n Bueno, pues sigue lo malo.\u00a0 O m\u00e1s que malo, es que demostr\u00f3 ya no va a servir para lo que viene.\u00a0 Adem\u00e1s de las fallas que de por s\u00ed.\u00a0 Seg\u00fan me dices, eso de c\u00f3mo empez\u00f3 todo esto o sea c\u00f3mo lleg\u00f3 en nuestra cabeza, les vamos a contar luego, ah\u00ed lo vamos a ver.<\/p>\n El principal problema es la maldita pir\u00e1mide.\u00a0 La pir\u00e1mide fue separando a las autoridades de los pueblos, se fueron alejando entre pueblos y autoridades.\u00a0 No bajan tal cual las propuestas de autoridades a los pueblos, ni tampoco llegan a las autoridades las opiniones de los pueblos.<\/p>\n Por raz\u00f3n de la pir\u00e1mide se cortan muchas informaciones, las orientaciones, sugerencias, apoyos de ideas que explican los y las compa\u00f1eras de CCRI.\u00a0 No transmite cabal la Junta de Buen Gobierno y la misma cosa pasa cuando es explicado los Autoridades de los Municipios Aut\u00f3nomos Rebelde Zapatistas, de nueva cuenta se repite cuando los MAREZ le informan a las asambleas de autoridades de los pueblos y por ultimo as\u00ed sucede con los autoridades de los pueblos cuando explican ya cada pueblo. Muchos cortes de informaci\u00f3n o interpretaciones, o agregados que no estaba as\u00ed en su originalidad.<\/p>\n Y tambi\u00e9n se hicieron muchos esfuerzos en la formaci\u00f3n de las autoridades y cada 3 a\u00f1os se salen y entran nuevos.\u00a0 Y la base principal de sus autoridades de los pueblos no se est\u00e1 preparando.\u00a0 O sea, no se forman relevos.\u00a0 \u201cColectivo de gobierno\u201d dijimos y no se cumpl\u00eda a cabalidad, pocas veces se hac\u00edan as\u00ed los trabajos y es m\u00e1s lo que no se cumple, tanto en MAREZ y en las JBG.<\/p>\n Se estaba cayendo ya en querer decidir ya ellas, las autoridades, los quehaceres y las tomas de decisiones, como MAREZ y JBG.\u00a0 Quer\u00edan dejar un lado los 7 principios del mandar obedeciendo.<\/p>\n Tambi\u00e9n hubo Ongs, que a fuerzas quieren que se acepte sus proyectos que llevaban en las JBG y en los MAREZ y no es lo que necesitaban los pueblos.\u00a0 Y personas que visitaban, quedan como amigos y amigas de una familia o un pueblo y a ellos s\u00f3lo a ellas les mandaban alguna ayuda.\u00a0 Y algunos visitantes de plano quer\u00edan dirigirnos y tratarnos como sus mozos.\u00a0 Y pues con mucha amabilidad ten\u00edamos que recordarles que somos zapatistas.<\/p>\n Y tambi\u00e9n hubo, en algunos MAREZ y JBG, mala administraci\u00f3n de recursos de los pueblos, y, claro, fueron sancionados.<\/p>\n O sea que, en resumen, se vio que la estructura de c\u00f3mo se estaba gobernando, de pir\u00e1mide, no es el camino.\u00a0 No es de abajo, es de arriba.<\/p>\n Si el zapatismo fuera s\u00f3lo el EZLN pues es f\u00e1cil dar \u00f3rdenes.\u00a0 Pero el gobierno debe ser civil, no militar.\u00a0 Entonces mismo el pueblo tiene que buscar su camino, su modo y su tiempo.\u00a0 D\u00f3nde y cu\u00e1ndo qu\u00e9 cosa.\u00a0 Lo militar debe ser s\u00f3lo para defensa.\u00a0 Pir\u00e1mide puede servir tal vez para militar, pero no para civil.\u00a0 Eso es lo que vemos.<\/p>\n Ya en otra vuelta contaremos c\u00f3mo est\u00e1 mero la situaci\u00f3n ac\u00e1 en Chiapas.\u00a0 Pero ahora s\u00f3lo decimos que est\u00e1 como en cualquier otra parte.\u00a0 Est\u00e1 m\u00e1s peor que los a\u00f1os pasados. \u00a0Ahora los matan en sus casas, en sus calles, en sus pueblos.\u00a0 Y no hay gobierno que vea y escuche las exigencias de los pueblos.\u00a0 Y no hacen nada porque ellos meros son los criminales.<\/p>\n No s\u00f3lo eso.\u00a0 Ya lo hemos dicho que se ven muchas desgracias que van a llegar o que ya est\u00e1n aqu\u00ed.\u00a0 Si ves que va a llover o que ya est\u00e1n cayendo las primeras gotas y el cielo est\u00e1 negro como alma de pol\u00edtico, pues sacas tu nailon y buscas d\u00f3nde te vas a meter.\u00a0 El problema es que no hay d\u00f3nde te vas a proteger.\u00a0 Tienes que construir tu propio refugio.<\/p>\n El asunto es que vimos que con MAREZ y JBG no se va a poder enfrentar la tormenta.\u00a0 Necesitamos que la Den\u00ed crezca y viva y que nazcan y vivan todas las otras siete generaciones.<\/p>\n -Por todo esto y lo dem\u00e1s, entramos a una gran serie de reflexiones y llegamos a conclusi\u00f3n que s\u00f3lo nos queda una gran discusi\u00f3n de todos los pueblos y an\u00e1lisis, de qu\u00e9 forma enfrentar la nueva y mala situaci\u00f3n y al mismo tiempo de c\u00f3mo vamos a seguir gobern\u00e1ndonos.\u00a0 Se llevaron a cabo reuniones y asambleas, zona por zona, hasta llegar a un acuerdo de que ya no van existir Juntas de Buen Gobierno ni los Municipios Aut\u00f3nomos Rebeldes Zapatistas.\u00a0 Y que necesitamos una nueva estructura, o sea acomodarnos de otra forma.<\/p>\n Claro, esta propuesta no es s\u00f3lo de reorganizar.\u00a0 Es tambi\u00e9n una nueva iniciativa.\u00a0 Un nuevo reto.\u00a0 Pero creo que eso es lo que diremos despu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n As\u00ed en general, sin tanto rollo, pues, los MAREZ y JBG sirvieron, y mucho, en esa etapa.\u00a0 Pero ya sigue otro paso y esas ropas ya nos quedan cortas, rabonas, y se rompen y aunque vas remendando, de balde.\u00a0 Porque va a llegar un momento en que pura tira de tela.<\/p>\n Entonces lo que hicimos pues es cortar la pir\u00e1mide.\u00a0 La mochamos pues de la punta.\u00a0 O m\u00e1s bien como que la volteamos, la pusimos de cabeza.<\/p>\n \u00bfCelebrar el pasado o el futuro?<\/strong><\/p>\n Tenemos que seguir caminando y en plena tormenta.\u00a0 Pero ya estamos hallados como pueblos a caminar con todo en contra.<\/p>\n Este diciembre y enero que vienen, no celebramos los 30 a\u00f1os del alzamiento.\u00a0 Para nosotros cada d\u00eda es una celebraci\u00f3n, porque estamos vivos y luchando.<\/p>\n Vamos a celebrar que empezamos un camino que nos va a llevar al menos 120 a\u00f1os, tal vez m\u00e1s.\u00a0 Ya llevamos rodando m\u00e1s de 500 a\u00f1os, as\u00ed que no falta mucho, apenas poco m\u00e1s de un siglo.\u00a0 Y eso ya no queda tan retirado.\u00a0 Es, como dice Jos\u00e9 Alfredo Jim\u00e9nez, \u201cah\u00ed nom\u00e1s tras lomita\u201d.<\/p>\n Desde las monta\u00f1as del Sureste Mexicano. (Fragmento de la entrevista realizada por el Capit\u00e1n Marcos, para los Tercios Compas.\u00a0 Copyleft M\u00e9xico, noviembre del 2023.\u00a0 Autorizaci\u00f3n de la JBG\u2026 ah caray, si ya no hay Juntas\u2026 bueno, del MAREZ\u2026 pues tampoco\u2026 Bueno, el asunto es que s\u00ed est\u00e1 autorizado.\u00a0 La entrevista fue realizada a la antig\u00fcita, o sea como antes hac\u00edan los reporteros, con cuaderno y lapicero. Ahora ya ni siquiera van al lugar a buscar la nota, la sacan de las redes sociales.\u00a0 S\u00ed, una pena, oiga).<\/p>\n Doy fe.<\/p>\n El capit\u00e1n, practicando la cumbia \u201cSopa de Caracol\u201d. \u00a1T\u00e1llele manque haiga lodo![:en]<\/p>\n Tenth Part: Regarding pyramids and their uses and customary regimes.<\/strong> November 2023.<\/p>\n Introduction. \u2013<\/p>\n Who built Thebes of the 7 gates? In the books you will read Bertold Brecht.<\/p>\n Known is the obsession that dominant systems have, throughout their history, in rescuing the image of the defeated dominant classes or castes. As if in the winner inhabited the worry of neutralizing the image of the defeated: avoiding his fall. In the study of the remains of the defeated civilization or culture, emphasis is usually placed on the great palaces of the rulers, the religious buildings of the high hierarchy, and the statues or monuments that the dominant people of that time made of themselves.<\/p>\n Not always with genuine anthropological or archaeological interest (it is not the same thing), for example, are the pyramids studied. Its architectural-religious sense \u2013sometimes also scientific\u2013, and what tourist brochures (and political programs across the spectrum) call \u201cthe splendor of the past.\u201d<\/p>\n It is natural that the different governments take notice and, not without longing sighs, concentrate on kings and queens. The great palaces and pyramids can be pointed out as references of the scientific advance of those times, of the social organization and of the causes \u00abof its development and decline\u00bb, but no ruler likes to see his future reflected in the past. That is why they twist past history and it is possible to reschedule foundations of cities, empires and \u201ctransformations\u00bb. So, without realizing it, every selfie<\/em> taken at archaeological sites hides more than what it shows. Up there, the winner of today will be the defeated of tomorrow.<\/p>\n But, if there are no mentions about these constructions having someone who designed them \u2013their architects, engineers and artists\u2013, there will be even lesser references to \u00abthe labor force\u00bb, that is, to the men and women on whose backs (in more than a sense) were built the wonders that amaze tourists from all over the world, while they make time to go to the club, the mall and the beach.<\/p>\n From that point to ignoring that the descendants of that \u201clabor force\u201d remain alive and active, with language and culture, there is only one step. The natives who built, for example, the pyramids of Teotihuac\u00e1n and the Mayan area in the Mexican southeast, exist (that is, resist) and, sometimes, they add to their resistance that subversive component that is rebellion.<\/p>\n In the case of Mexico, the different governments prefer the natives as living crafts and, sometimes, as choreography ad hoc. The current government does not represent any change in this (well, not only in that, but that is not the point). Native peoples continue to be objects of alms (that aspirin for scoundrels), electoral hauling, artisanal curiosity and a vanishing point for those who administer the ongoing destruction: \u201cI am going to destroy your life, that is, your territory; but don\u2019t worry, I\u2019m going to preserve the pyramids of those who exploited your ancestors and those funny things you say, and dress and do.\u00bb<\/p>\n Having said this, this \u201cimage\u201d of the pyramid \u2013the narrow upper tip and the wide lower base\u2013, is now used by Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s to explain to us something of what was the analysis (ferocious and implacable, in my opinion) of the work of the MAREZ and Good Government Juntas.<\/p>\n The Captain<\/p>\n Some history, not much, just 30 years<\/strong><\/p>\n The MAREZ and Good Government Juntas were not all bad. We must remember how we got to them. For the Zapatista towns they were like a school of political literacy. A self-literacy.<\/p>\n Most of us did not know how to read, write, or speak Spanish. Furthermore, we spoke different languages. That was good, because then our idea and our practice did not come from outside, but rather we had to search in our heads, in our history as indigenous people, in our own way.<\/p>\n We had never had the opportunity to govern ourselves. We were always governed. Even before the Spanish, the Aztec empire, which the current government loves very much \u2013I think because they like bossy people\u2014 oppressed many languages \u200b\u200band cultures. Not only in what is now Mexico, also in what is now Central America.<\/p>\n The situation we were in was one of death and despair. They closed everything to us. There were no doors, no windows, no cracks. As if they wanted us to drown. So, as they say, we had to open a crack in that wall that enclosed us and condemned us. As if everything were darkness and with our blood we lit a little light. That was the Zapatista uprising, a little light in the darkest night.<\/p>\n Then it came that many people asked for a ceasefire, that we had to talk. The citizens already know about that. The same thing had happened to many of them as to us, that bad governments never fulfilled their word. And they do not comply because governments are the main oppressors. So we had to choose if we hope and wait that one day they comply, or if we look for a solution on our own. And we chose to find our way.<\/p>\n And well, you had to organize for that. We had organized and prepared for 10 years to take up arms, to die and kill. And then it turns out that we had to organize ourselves to live. And living is freedom. And justice. And to be able to govern ourselves as people, not as little children which is the way governments see us.<\/p>\n That\u2019s where it got into our heads that we have to make a government that obeys. In other words, that it did not do as it pleased, but rather, did what the people say. In other words, \u201ccommand by obeying\u201d, which are the words that today\u2019s scoundrels plagiarize (in other words, they do not only plagiarize theses. Editorial note<\/em>).<\/p>\n So with the autonomous municipalities we learned that we can govern ourselves. And that was possible because many people supported us, without any interests, to find the path of life. In other words, those people did not come to see what they could get \u2013like those that I imagine you are going to tell outsiders when you talk about 30 years\u2014, but rather they really committed themselves to a life project. And there were those who wanted to tell us how we should do it. But we did not take up arms to change the boss. There is no good boss. But there were other people who did respect our thoughts, our way.<\/p>\n The value of the word.<\/strong><\/p>\n When we obtain that support, it is like a commitment that we make. If we say that we need support to create schools and clinics, to prepare health and education promoters, to give an example, then we have to comply. In other words, we cannot say that it is for one thing and use it for another. We had then and have now to be honest, because these people do not come to exploit us, but to encourage us. That\u2019s how we saw it.<\/p>\n So we have to put up with the attacks and the bullshit from the bad governments, from the landowners, from the big companies, who are trying hard to test us to see if we can endure it or it is easy for us to fall into a provocation so they are able to accuse us of telling lies, that we also want power and pay. And the thing about power is that it is like a disease that kills good ideas and corrupts, that is, it makes people sick. And there you have a person who seems like a good person, well, with power, he goes crazy. Or maybe he was already crazy and power sort of stripped naked his heart.<\/p>\n So we think that we need to organize, for example, our health. Because of course we saw and see that what the government does is a big lie that is only to steal and does not care that people die, especially if they are indigenous.<\/p>\n And it happened that, when we make that crack in the system and look out, we see many things. But also many people see us. And among those people, there are those who looked at us and took the risk of helping and supporting us. Because what if we are liars and don\u2019t do what we say? But hey, they took a risk and they committed us.<\/p>\n Look, out there, in the cities, giving your word is no good. They can say one thing in one moment, and a minute later they say the opposite and is as if nothing had happened, all is calm. There is, for example, what they call \u201cma\u00f1anera\u201d, that one day they say one thing and another day the opposite. But, as it pays, they applaud him and are happy because he gives them alms that do not even come from his work, but from what working people give to governments with taxes, which are like the \u201ccobro de piso\u201d of disorganized crime.<\/p>\n So those people support us and we start little by little with preventive medicine. Since we had already recovered the lands, we improved our diet, but more was needed. So, health. We must recover herbal knowledge, but it is not enough, science is also needed. And thanks to doctors, that we call \u201cfraternities\u201d because they are like our brothers, who got on board and guided us. So the first Health trainers were born or formed, that is, those who prepare the promoters.<\/p>\n And also education, especially Castilian. Because for us Spanish is very important because it is like the bridge through which we can communicate and understand each other between different languages. For example, if you speak Tzeltal, you are going to struggle to communicate with the Cho\u2019ol language, or Tzotzil, or Tojolabal, or Zoque, or Mame, or Quich\u00e9. So, you have to learn Spanish. And autonomous schools are very important for that. For example, our generation speaks combined tongue and Spanish, that is, not all well, that is, we speak crooked. But there are already generations of young people, who learned in autonomous schools, who know Castilian better than some citizens. The late SupMarcos said that these young people could correct the writings of university students. And you know that, before, to make a complaint, you had to go to the Command to write it. But then not anymore. In each autonomous authority there was one writer, and well, it worked.<\/p>\n Then it is like one advancement kind of pushes another. And soon after, these young people want more, to learn more. So we organize our health in each town, each region and zone. We are advancing in each area of \u200b\u200bhealth, midwives, medicinal plants, bones, laboratories, dentists, ultrasound, among other areas, there are clinics. And the same in school, that is, education. We say school, because we adults also lack education, it is very broad for us, education, and not just children and adolescents.<\/p>\n Furthermore, we organized productive work because we already had land, which was previously in the hands of landowners. And so we work as a family and as a collective in the cornfield, the bean fields, the coffee fields, vegetables, and farms. And some livestock, which is used more for economic emergencies and for holidays. The collective work allowed the economic independence of women comrades and that brought many more things. But they have already talked about that.<\/p>\n A school.<\/strong><\/p>\n In other words, we learned to govern ourselves and thus we were able to put aside bad governments and organizations that say they are leftist, progressive and I don\u2019t know what else. 30 years learning what it means to be autonomous, that is, we direct ourselves, we govern ourselves. And it has not been easy, because all the governments that have passed from PRI, PAN, PRD, PT, VERDE and MORENA, their desire to destroy us does not end. For this reason, just as in past governments, in this one they say that we have already disappeared, or that we have already fled, or that we are already very defeated, or that there is no longer any Zapatista, that we went to the United States or Guatemala. But you see, well here we are. In resistance and rebellion.<\/p>\n And the most important thing we learned in the MAREZ is that autonomy is not about theory, about writing books and making speeches. It is something that needs to be done. And we have to do it as towns, and not wait for someone to come and do it for us.<\/p>\n All of this is, let\u2019s say, the good thing about MAREZ: a school of practical autonomy.<\/p>\n And the Good Government Juntas were also very important because with them we learned to exchange ideas about struggles with other brothers from Mexico and the world, where we saw it right we took it and where we saw it was not, we discarded it. Some tell us that we have to obey just as they say. Where is that going to happen? If we put our lives at stake. In other words, that is what we are worth: our blood and that of generations that came before and those to come. We are not here for anyone to come and tell us what we are going to do, even if they say that they are very knowledgeable. With the JBG we learned to meet and organize, to think, to give an opinion, to propose, to discuss, to study, to analyze and to decide for ourselves.<\/p>\n So, as a summary, I tell you that the MAREZ and JBG helped us learn that theory without practice is pure words. And practice without theory, well it is as if you walked like a blind man. And since there is no theory of what we started to do, that is, there is no manual or book, then we have also had to make our own theory. We stumbled through theory and practice. I think that\u2019s why the theorists and the revolutionary vanguards don\u2019t like us very much, because we didn\u2019t just take away their jobs. We also showed them that talking is one thing and reality is another. And here we are, the ignorant and backwards, as they call us, the ones who cannot find the way because we are peasants. But here we are and even if they deny us, we exist. Too bad.<\/p>\n The Pyramid.<\/strong><\/p>\n Well, now it\u2019s time for the bad things. Or rather not bad, but it proved that it will no longer be useful for what is to come. In addition to the inherent flaws. As you tell me, we will talk later about how all of this started, about how it got into our heads, we\u2019ll see it later.<\/p>\n The main problem is the damn pyramid. The pyramid separated the authorities from the towns, they distanced themselves between towns and authorities. The proposals from authorities did not go down as they were to the people, nor do the opinions of the people reach the authorities.<\/p>\n Because of the pyramid, a lot of information is cut, the guidelines, suggestions, support of ideas that the CCRI comrades explain. The Good Government Junta does not fully transmit and the same thing happens when things are explained to the Authorities of the Zapatista Rebel Autonomous Municipalities, the same again is repeated when the MAREZ inform the assemblies of authorities of towns, and finally this is what happens with the authorities of the towns when they explain to each town. Many cuts of information or interpretations, or additions that were not there originally.<\/p>\n And many efforts were also made in the training of authorities and every 3 years new ones leave and enter. And the main base of village authorities is not being prepared. In other words, no relays were formed. \u201cGovernment collective\u201d we said and it was not fully fulfilled, the work was rarely done this way and the greater part what not fulfilled, both in MAREZ and in the JBG.<\/p>\n It was already falling into wanting to decide themselves, the authorities, the tasks and the decisions, as in MAREZ and JBG. They wanted to leave aside the 7 principles of commanding by obeying.<\/p>\n There were also NGOs, who forcefully want the projects that they had in the JBG and the MAREZ to be accepted and they are not what the people needed. And people who visited remain friends of a family or a town and they only sent some help to them. And some visitors outright wanted to direct us and treat us like their waiters. And so with great kindness we had to remind them that we are Zapatistas.<\/p>\n And there was also, in some MAREZ and JBG, poor administration of people\u2019s resources, and, of course, they were sanctioned.<\/p>\n In other words, in summary, it was seen that the structure of how we were governed, as a pyramid, was not the way. It\u2019s not from below, it\u2019s from above.<\/p>\n If Zapatismo were only the EZLN, it is easy to give orders. But the government must be civil, not military. Then the people have to find their way, their way and their time. Where and when to do what. The military should be only for defense. Pyramid may be useful for military purposes, but not for civilian purposes. That\u2019s what we see.<\/p>\n On another occasion we will tell what the situation is here in Chiapas. But now we just say that it is like anywhere else. It is worse than last years. Now they kill them in their homes, in their streets, in their towns. And there is no government that sees and listens to the demands of the people. And they don\u2019t do anything because they themselves are the criminals.<\/p>\n Not only that. We have already said that we see many misfortunes that are going to arrive or that are already here. If you see that it is going to rain or that the first drops are already falling and the sky is black as a politician\u2019s soul, then you take out your nylon and look for where you are going to go. The problem is that there is nowhere to protect yourself. You have to build your own shelter.<\/p>\n The thing is that we saw that with MAREZ and JBG we will not be able to face the storm. We need the Deni to grow and live and for all the other seven generations to be born and live.<\/p>\n -For all this and the rest, we entered into a great series of reflections and came to the conclusion that we only have left a great discussion of all the towns and analysis, of how to face the new and bad situation and at the same time how we are going to continue to govern us. Meetings and assemblies were held, area by area, until an agreement was reached that there would no longer be Good Government Juntas or Zapatista Rebel Autonomous Municipalities. And that we need a new structure, that is, to accommodate ourselves in another way.<\/p>\n Of course, this proposal is not just about reorganizing. It is also a new initiative. A new challenge. But I think that\u2019s what we\u2019ll say later.<\/p>\n So in general, without much fuss, then, the MAREZ and JBG were very useful at that stage. But another step follows and those clothes are already too short for us, and they break and even though you mend them, it\u2019s for nothing. Because there will come a time when you\u2019re left with pure rags.<\/p>\n So what we did is cut the pyramid. So we cut it from the tip. Or rather, we turned it upside down.<\/p>\n Do we celebrate the past or the future?<\/strong><\/p>\n We have to keep walking and in the middle of the storm. But we as towns are already used to walking with everything against us.<\/p>\n This coming December and January, we do not celebrate the 30 years of the uprising. For us every day is a celebration, because we are alive and fighting.<\/p>\n We will celebrate that we began a path that will take us at least 120 years, maybe more. We\u2019ve been rolling for more than 500 years, so it won\u2019t be long, just over a century. And that is no longer so far away. It is, as Jos\u00e9 Alfredo Jim\u00e9nez says, \u201cjust there behind the mound.\u201d<\/p>\n From the mountains of the Mexican Southeast. (Fragment of the interview conducted by Captain Marcos, for the Tercios Compas. Copyleft Mexico, November 2023. Authorization of the JBG\u2026 ah wow, if there are no more Juntas\u2026 well, of the MAREZ\u2026 well, neither\u2026 Well, the thing is that it is authorized. The interview was conducted the old-fashioned way, that is, like reporters used to do, with a notebook and pen. Now they don\u2019t even go to the place to look for the note, they take it from social networks. Yes, a shame, my man).<\/p>\n I attest.<\/p>\n The Captain, practicing the cumbia \u201cSopa de caracol\u201d. Dance! No matter there\u2019s mud!<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [:es] D\u00e9cima Parte: Acerca de las Pir\u00e1mides y sus usos y costumbres. Conclusiones del an\u00e1lisis cr\u00edtico de MAREZ y JBG. (Fragmento de la entrevista hecha al SubComandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s en los meses de agosto-septiembre del 2023, en las monta\u00f1as del Sureste Mexicano) Noviembre del 2023. Introducci\u00f3n. \u2013 \u00bfQui\u00e9n construy\u00f3 Tebas, la de las siete Puertas? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":46815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[957,51,6,955,118,954,935],"tags":[79,917,36,926,545,148,27,483],"class_list":["post-46814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autonomia","category-autor","category-chiapas","category-ezln-temas","category-ezln","category-mexico","category-temas","tag-autonomia","tag-chiapas","tag-comunidades-zapatistas","tag-ezln","tag-pueblos-indigenas","tag-resistencia","tag-solidaridad","tag-tierra-y-territorio"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46814"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46849,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46814\/revisions\/46849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nSubcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=201%2C163&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
\nConclusions from the critical analysis of MAREZ and JBG.
\n(Fragment of the interview with Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s
\nduring the months of August-September 2023,
\nin the mountains of Southeast Mexico)<\/p>\n
\nthe names of kings. Did the kings haul up the lumps of rock?
\nAnd Babylon, many times demolished, who raised it up so many times?
\nIn what houses of gold glittering Lima did its builders live? Where,
\nthe evening that the Great Wall of China was finished, did the masons go? Great Rome
\nis full of triumphal arches. Who erected them?<\/p>\n
\nSubcommander Insurgent Mois\u00e9s.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/firma.png?resize=263%2C213&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n