[:es]A un a\u00f1o del alzamiento zapatista, hoy decimos:<\/p>\n
\u00a1La patria vive! \u00a1Y es nuestra! Hemos sido desgraciados, es verdad; la suerte nos ha sido adversa muchas veces, pero la causa de M\u00e9xico, que es a causa del derecho y de la justicia, no ha sucumbido, no ha muerto y no morir\u00e1 porque existen a\u00fan mexicanos esforzados, en cuyos corazones late el fuego santo del patriotismo y, en cualquier punto de la rep\u00fablica en que existan empu\u00f1ando las armas y el pabell\u00f3n nacional, all\u00ed como aqu\u00ed, existir\u00e1 viva y en\u00e9rgica la protesta del derecho contra la fuerza.<\/em><\/p>\n
Compr\u00e9ndalo bien el hombre incauto que ha aceptado la triste misi\u00f3n de ser el instrumento para esclavizar a un pueblo libre: su trono vacilante no descansa sobre la voluntad libre de la Naci\u00f3n, sino sobre la sangre y los cad\u00e1veres de millares de mexicanos que ha sacrificado sin raz\u00f3n y s\u00f3lo porque defend\u00edan su libertad y sus derechos.<\/em><\/p>\n
Mexicanos: los que ten\u00e9is la desgracia de vivir bajo el dominio de la usurpaci\u00f3n, no os resign\u00e9is a soportar el yugo de oprobio que pesa sobre vosotros. No os alucin\u00e9is con las p\u00e9rfidas insinuaciones de los partidarios de los hechos consumados, porque ellos son y han sido siempre los partidarios del despotismo. La existencia del poder arbitrario es una violaci\u00f3n permanente del derecho y de la justicia, que ni el tiempo, ni las armas pueden justificar jam\u00e1s y que es preciso destruir para honor de M\u00e9xico y de la humanidad.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u00abManifiesto: en pie y resueltos como el primer d\u00eda\u00bb,
\nBenito Ju\u00e1rez, enero de 1995, Chihuahua.<\/p>\nAl pueblo de M\u00e9xico:
\nA los pueblos y gobiernos del mundo:<\/p>\nHermanos:<\/p>\n
El d\u00eda 1o. de enero de 1994 dimos a conocer la Primera Declaraci\u00f3n de la Selva Lacandona. El d\u00eda 10 de junio de 1994 lanzamos la Segunda Declaraci\u00f3n de la Selva Lacandona. A la una y a la otra las anim\u00f3 el af\u00e1n de lucha por la democracia, la libertad y la justicia para todos los mexicanos.<\/p>\n
En la primera llamamos al pueblo mexicano a alzarse en armas en contra del mal gobierno, principal obst\u00e1culo para el tr\u00e1nsito a la democracia en nuestro pa\u00eds. En la segunda llamamos a los mexicanos a un esfuerzo civil y pac\u00edfico, a trav\u00e9s de la Convenci\u00f3n Nacional Democr\u00e1tica, para lograr los cambios profundos que la Naci\u00f3n demanda.<\/p>\n
Mientras el supremo gobierno mostraba su falsedad y su soberbia, nosotros, entre uno y otro manifiesto, nos esforzamos por mostrar al pueblo de M\u00e9xico nuestro sustento social, la justeza de nuestras demandas y la dignidad que anima nuestra lucha. Nuestras armas callaron entonces y se hicieron a un lado para que la lucha legal mostrara sus posibilidades… y sus limitaciones. A partir de la Segunda Declaraci\u00f3n de la Selva Lacandona, el EZLN intent\u00f3, por todos los medios, evitar el reinicio de las hostilidades y busc\u00f3 una salida pol\u00edtica, digna y justa, para resolver las demandas plasmadas en los 11 puntos de nuestro programa de lucha: vivienda, tierra, trabajo, alimentaci\u00f3n, salud, educaci\u00f3n, justicia, independencia, libertad, democracia y paz.<\/p>\n
El proceso preelectoral de agosto de 1994 trajo la esperanza, en amplios sectores del pa\u00eds, de que el tr\u00e1nsito a la democracia era posible por la v\u00eda electoral. Sabiendo que las elecciones no son, en las condiciones actuales, el camino del cambio democr\u00e1tico, el EZLN mand\u00f3 obedeciendo al hacerse a un lado para dar oportunidad de lucha a las fuerzas pol\u00edticas legales de oposici\u00f3n. El EZLN empe\u00f1\u00f3 su palabra y su esfuerzo, entonces, en la b\u00fasqueda del tr\u00e1nsito pac\u00edfico a la democracia. A trav\u00e9s de la Convenci\u00f3n Nacional Democr\u00e1tica, el EZLN llam\u00f3 a un esfuerzo civil a pac\u00edfico que, sin oponerse a la lucha electoral, no se agotara en ella y buscara nuevas formas de lucha que incluyeran a m\u00e1s sectores democr\u00e1ticos en M\u00e9xico y se enlazara con movimientos democratizadores en otras partes del mundo. El 21 de agosto vino a terminar con las ilusiones de un cambio inmediato por la v\u00eda pac\u00edfica. Un proceso electoral viciado, inmoral, inequitativo e ileg\u00edtimo culmin\u00f3 en una nueva burla a la buena voluntad de los ciudadanos. El sistema de partido de Estado reafirm\u00f3 su vocaci\u00f3n antidemocr\u00e1tica e impuso, en todas partes y a todos los niveles, su voluntad soberbia. Frente a una votaci\u00f3n sin precedentes, el sistema pol\u00edtico mexicano opt\u00f3 por la imposici\u00f3n y cort\u00f3, as\u00ed, las esperanzas en la v\u00eda electoral. Informes de la Convenci\u00f3n Nacional Democr\u00e1tica, Alianza C\u00edvica y la Comisi\u00f3n de la Verdad sacaron a la luz lo que ocultaban, con vergonzosa complicidad, los grandes medios de comunicaci\u00f3n: un fraude gigantesco. La multitud de irregularidades, la inequidad, la corrupci\u00f3n, el chantaje, la intimidaci\u00f3n, el hurto y la falsificaci\u00f3n, fueron el marco en el que se dieron las elecciones m\u00e1s sucias de la historia de M\u00e9xico. Los altos porcentajes de abstencionismo en las elecciones locales en los estados de Veracruz, Tlaxcala y Tabasco demuestran que el escepticismo civil volver\u00e1 a reinar en M\u00e9xico. Pero, no conforme con esto, el sistema de partido de Estado volvi\u00f3 a repetir el fraude de agosto imponiendo gobernadores, presidentes municipales y congresos locales. Como a finales del siglo XIX, cuando los traidores hicieron \u00abelecciones\u00bb para avalar la intervenci\u00f3n francesa, hoy se dice que la Naci\u00f3n saluda con benepl\u00e1cito la continuaci\u00f3n de la imposici\u00f3n y el autoritarismo. El proceso electoral de agosto de 1994 es un crimen de Estado. Como criminales deben ser juzgados los responsables de esa burla.<\/p>\n
Por otro lado el gradualismo y la claudicaci\u00f3n aparecen en las filas de la oposici\u00f3n que acepta el ver diluido un gran fraude en multitud de peque\u00f1as \u00abirregularidades\u00bb. Vuelve a aparecer la gran disyuntiva en la lucha democratizadora en Mexico: la prolongaci\u00f3n de una agon\u00eda por la apuesta a un tr\u00e1nsito \u00absin dolor\u00bb o el tiro de gracia cuyo destello ilumine el camino de la democracia.<\/p>\n
El caso chiapaneco s\u00f3lo es una de las consecuencias de este sistema pol\u00edtico. Haciendo caso omiso de los anhelos del pueblo de Chiapas, el gobierno repiti\u00f3 la dosis de imposici\u00f3n y prepotencia.<\/p>\n
Enfrentado a una amplia movilizaci\u00f3n de repudio, el sistema de partido de Estado opt\u00f3 por repetir hasta la saciedad la mentira de su triunfo y exacerb\u00f3 lasa confrontaciones. La polarizaci\u00f3n presente en el escenario del sureste mexicano es responsabilidad del gobierno y demuestra su incapacidad para resolver, con profundidad, los problemas pol\u00edticos y sociales de M\u00e9xico. Mediante la corrupci\u00f3n y la represi\u00f3n tratan de resolver un problema que s\u00f3lo tiene soluci\u00f3n reconociendo el triunfo leg\u00edtimo de la voluntad popular chiapaneca. El EZLN se mantuvo, hasta entonces, al margen de las movilizaciones populares, a pesar de que \u00e9stas enfrentaron una gran campa\u00f1a de desprestigio y de represi\u00f3n indiscriminada.<\/p>\n
Esperando se\u00f1ales de voluntad gubernamental para una soluci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, justa y digna, al conflicto, el EZLN vio, impotente, como los mejores hijos de la dignidad chiapaneca eran asesinados, encarcelados y amenazados, vio como sus hermanos ind\u00edgenas en Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chihuahua, y Veracruz eran reprimidos y recib\u00edan burlas como respuestas a sus demandas de soluci\u00f3n a sus condiciones de vida.<\/p>\n
En todo este per\u00edodo, el EZLN resisti\u00f3 no s\u00f3lo el cerco militar y las amenazas e intimidaciones de las fuerzas federales, tambi\u00e9n resisti\u00f3 una campa\u00f1a de calumnias y mentiras. Como en los primeros d\u00edas del a\u00f1o de 1994, se nos acus\u00f3 de recibir apoyo militar y financiamiento extranjero, se nos trat\u00f3 de obligar a deponer nuestras banderas a cambio de dinero y puestos gubernamentales, se trat\u00f3 de quitar legitimidad a nuestra lucha diluyendo la problem\u00e1tica nacional en el marco local ind\u00edgena.<\/p>\n
Mientras tanto, el supremo gobierno preparaba la soluci\u00f3n militar a la rebeld\u00eda ind\u00edgena chiapaneca y la Naci\u00f3n se sumia en la desesperanza y el fastidio. Enga\u00f1ando con una supuesta voluntad de di\u00e1logo que s\u00f3lo escond\u00eda el deseo de liquidar al movimiento zapatista por asfixia, el mal gobierno dejaba pasar el tiempo y la muerte en las comunidades ind\u00edgenas de todo el pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n
Mientras tanto, el Partido Revolucionario Institucional, brazo pol\u00edtico del crimen organizado y el narcotr\u00e1fico, continuaba su fase de descomposici\u00f3n m\u00e1s aguda al recurrir al asesinato como m\u00e9todo de soluci\u00f3n de sus pugnas internas. Incapaz de un di\u00e1logo civilizado a su interior, el PRI ensangrentaba el suelo nacional. La verg\u00fcenza de ver usurpados los colores nacionales en el escudo del PRI sigue para todos los mexicanos.<\/p>\n
Viendo que el gobierno y el pa\u00eds volv\u00edan a cubrir con el olvido y el desinter\u00e9s a los habitantes originales de estas tierras, viendo que el cinismo y la desidia volv\u00edan a apoderarse de los sentimientos de la Naci\u00f3n y que, adem\u00e1s de sus derechos a las condiciones m\u00ednimas de vida digna, se negaba a los pueblos indios el derecho a gobernar y gobernarse seg\u00fan su raz\u00f3n y voluntad, viendo que se volv\u00eda in\u00fatil la muerte de los muertos nuestros, viendo que no nos dejaban otro camino, el EZLN se arriesg\u00f3 a romper el cerco militar que lo conten\u00eda y march\u00f3 en auxilio de otros hermanos ind\u00edgenas que, agotadas las v\u00edas pac\u00edficas, se sum\u00edan en la desesperaci\u00f3n y la miseria. Buscando a toda costa el evitar ensangrentar el suelo mexicano con sangre hermana, el EZLN se vio obligado a llamar la atenci\u00f3n nuevamente de la Naci\u00f3n sobre las graves condiciones de vida ind\u00edgena mexicana, especialmente de aquellos que se supon\u00edan que ya hab\u00edan recibido el apoyo gubernamental y, sin embargo, siguen arrastrando la miseria que heredan, a\u00f1o con a\u00f1o, desde hace m\u00e1s de 5 siglos. Con la ofensiva de diciembre de 1994, el EZLN busc\u00f3 mostrar, a M\u00e9xico y al mundo, su orgullosa esencia ind\u00edgena y lo irresoluble de la situaci\u00f3n social local si no se acompa\u00f1a de cambios profundos en las elaciones pol\u00edticas, econ\u00f3micas y sociales en todo el pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n
La cuesti\u00f3n ind\u00edgena no tendr\u00e1 soluci\u00f3n si no hay una transformaci\u00f3n RADICAL del pacto nacional. La \u00fanica forma de incorporar, con justicia y dignidad, a los ind\u00edgenas a la Naci\u00f3n, es reconociendo las caracter\u00edsticas propias en su organizaci\u00f3n social, cultural y pol\u00edtica. Las autonom\u00edas no son separaci\u00f3n, son integraci\u00f3n de las minor\u00edas m\u00e1s humilladas y olvidadas en el M\u00e9xico contempor\u00e1neo. As\u00ed lo ha entendido el EZLN desde su formaci\u00f3n y as\u00ed lo han mandado las bases ind\u00edgenas que forman la direcci\u00f3n de nuestra organizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Hoy lo repetimos: NUESTRA LUCHA ES NACIONAL.<\/p>\n
Se nos ha criticado que los zapatistas pedimos mucho, que debemos conformarnos con las limosnas que nos ofreci\u00f3 el mal gobierno. Aquel que est\u00e1 dispuesto a morir por una causa justa y leg\u00edtima, tiene derecho a pedirlo todo. Los zapatistas estamos dispuestos a ofrendar lo \u00fanico que tenemos, la vida, para exigir democracia, libertad y justicia para todos los mexicanos.<\/p>\n
Hoy reafirmamos: \u00a1PARA TODOS TODO, NADA PARA NOSOTROS!<\/p>\n
Al finalizar el a\u00f1o de 1994 explot\u00f3 la farsa econ\u00f3mica con que el salinismo hab\u00eda enga\u00f1ado a la Naci\u00f3n y a la comunidad internacional. La patria del dinero llam\u00f3 a su seno a los grandes se\u00f1ores del poder y la soberbia, y ellos no dudaron en traicionar el suelo y el cielo en el que lucraban con la sangre mexicana. La crisis econ\u00f3mica despert\u00f3 a los mexicanos del dulce y embrutecedor sue\u00f1o del ingreso al primer mundo. La pesadilla de desempleo, carest\u00eda y miseria ser\u00e1 ahora m\u00e1s aguda para la mayor\u00eda de los mexicanos.<\/p>\n
Este a\u00f1o que termina, 1994, acab\u00f3 de mostrar el verdadero rostro del sistema brutal que nos domina. El programa pol\u00edtico, econ\u00f3mico, social y represivo del neoliberalismo ha demostrado su ineficacia, su falsedad y la cruel injusticia que es su esencia. El neoliberalismo como doctrina y realidad debe ser arrojado, ya, al basurero de la historia nacional.<\/p>\n
HERMANOS:<\/p>\n
Hoy, en medio de esta crisis, es necesaria la acci\u00f3n decidida de todos los mexicanos honestos para lograr un cambio real y profundo en los destinos de la Naci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Hoy, despu\u00e9s de haber llamado primero a las armas y posteriormente a la lucha civil y pac\u00edfica, llamamos al pueblo de M\u00e9xico a luchar POR TODOS LOS MEDIOS, EN TODOS LOS NIVELES Y EN TODAS PARTES, por la democracia, la libertad y la justicia, a trav\u00e9s de esta…<\/p>\n
TERCERA DECLARACI\u00d3N DE LA SELVA LACANDONA<\/p>\n
en la que llamamos a todas las fuerzas sociales y pol\u00edticas del pa\u00eds, a todos los mexicanos honestos, a todos aquellos que luchan por la democratizaci\u00f3n de la vida nacional, a la formaci\u00f3n de un MOVIMIENTO PARA LA LIBERACI\u00d3N NACIONAL incluyendo a l Convenci\u00f3n Nacional Democr\u00e1tica y a TODAS las fuerzas que, sin distinci\u00f3n de credo religioso, raza o ideolog\u00eda pol\u00edtica, est\u00e1n en contra del sistema de partido de Estado. Este Movimiento para la Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional luchar\u00e1 de com\u00fan acuerdo, por todos los medios y en todos los niveles, por la instauraci\u00f3n de un gobierno de transici\u00f3n, un nuevo constituyente, una nueva carta magna y la destrucci\u00f3n del sistema de partido de Estado. Llamamos a la Convenci\u00f3n Nacional Democr\u00e1tica y al ciudadano Cuuaht\u00e9moc C\u00e1rdenas Sol\u00f3rzano a encabezar este Movimiento para la Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional, como frente amplio de oposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
LLAMAMOS A LOS OBREROS DE LA REP\u00daBLICA, A LOS TRABAJADORES DEL CAMPO Y DE LA CIUDAD, A LOS COLONOS, A LOS MAESTROS Y ESTUDIANTES DE M\u00c9XICO, A LAS MUJERES MEXICANAS, A LOS J\u00d3VENES DE TODO EL PA\u00cdS, A LOS ARTISTAS E INTELECTUALES HONESTOS, A LOS RELIGIOSOS CONSECUENTES, A LOS MILITANTES DE BASE DE LAS DIFERENTES ORGANIZACIONES POL\u00cdTICAS a que, en su medio y por las formas de lucha que consideren posibles y necesarias, luchen por el fin del sistema de partido de Estado incorpor\u00e1ndose a la CONVENCI\u00d3N NACIONAL DEMOCR\u00c1TICA si no tienen partido, y al Movimiento para la Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional si militan en alguna de las fuerzas pol\u00edticas de oposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Por lo tanto, en cumplimiento con el esp\u00edritu de esta TERCERA DECLARACI\u00d3N DE LA SELVA LACANDONA, declaramos que:<\/p>\n
\n
- Primero. Se le retira al gobierno federal la custodia de la Patria. La Bandera de M\u00e9xico, la ley suprema de la Naci\u00f3n, el Himno Mexicano y el Escudo Nacional estar\u00e1n ahora bajo el cuidado de las fuerzas de la resistencia hasta que la legalidad, la legitimidad y la soberan\u00eda sean restauradas en todo el territorio nacional.<\/li>\n
- Segundo. Se declara v\u00e1lida la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos original, expedida el 5 de febrero de 1917, incorporando a ella Las Leyes Revolucionarias de 1993 y los Estatutos de Autonom\u00eda incluyente para las regiones ind\u00edgenas, y se decreta el apego a ella hasta que se instaure el nuevo constituyente y se expida una nueva carta magna.<\/li>\n
- Tercero. Se llama a la lucha por el reconocimiento como \u00abgobierno de transici\u00f3n a la democracia\u00bb al que se doten por s\u00ed mismas las distintas comunidades, organizaciones sociales y pol\u00edticas, manteniendo el pacto federal acordado en la constituci\u00f3n de 1917, y se incluyan, sin importar credo religioso, clase social, ideolog\u00eda pol\u00edtica, raza o sexo, en el Movimiento para la Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
El EZLN apoyar\u00e1 a la poblaci\u00f3n civil en la tarea de restaurar la legalidad, el orden, la legitimidad y la soberan\u00eda nacionales, y en la lucha por la formaci\u00f3n e instauraci\u00f3n de un gobierno nacional de transici\u00f3n a la democracia con las siguientes caracter\u00edsticas:<\/p>\n
\n
- Que liquide al sistema de partido de Estado y separe realmente al gobierno del PRI.<\/li>\n
- Que reforme la ley electoral en t\u00e9rminos que garanticen: limpieza, credibilidad, equidad, participaci\u00f3n ciudadana no partidaria y no gubernamental, reconocimiento de todas las fuerzas pol\u00edticas nacionales, regionales o locales, y que convoque a nuevas elecciones generales en la federaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n
- Que convoque a un constituyente para la creaci\u00f3n de una nueva constituci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n
- Que reconozca las particularidades de los grupos ind\u00edgenas, reconozca su derecho a la autonom\u00eda incluyente y su ciudadan\u00eda.<\/li>\n
- Que vuelva a orientar el programa econ\u00f3mico nacional, haciendo a un lado el disimulo y la mentira, y favoreciendo a los sectores m\u00e1s despose\u00eddos del pa\u00eds, los obreros y campesinos, que son los principales productores de la riqueza que otros se apropian.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
HERMANOS:<\/p>\n
La paz vendr\u00e1 de la mano de la democracia, la libertad y la justicia para todos los mexicanos. No puede nuestro paso encontrar la paz justa que nuestros muertos reclaman si es a costa de nuestra dignidad mexicana. La tierra no tiene reposo y camina en nuestros corazones. La burla a nuestros muertos pide luchar para lavar su pena. Resistiremos. El oprobio y la soberbia ser\u00e1n derrotados.<\/p>\n
Como con Benito Ju\u00e1rez frente a la intervenci\u00f3n francesa, la Patria marcha ahora de lado de las fuerzas patriotas, contra las fuerzas antidemocr\u00e1ticas y autoritarias. Hoy decimos:<\/p>\n
\u00a1La Patria vive! \u00a1Y es nuestra!
\n\u00a1Democracia!
\n\u00a1Libertad!
\n\u00a1Justicia!<\/p>\nDesde las monta\u00f1as del Sureste Mexicano
\nCCRI-CG del EZLN<\/p>\nM\u00e9xico, Enero de 1995<\/p>\n
[:en]One year after the Zapatista uprising, today we say:<\/p>\n
“The motherland lives! And she is ours! We have been disgraced, it is true; our luck has been bad many times, but the cause of Mexico, which is the cause of the people’s rights and justice, has not succumbed; it has not died and it will not die because there still exist committed Mexicans, in whose hearts burns the sacred fire of patriotism. Wherever in the Republic weapons are clenched and the national banner flies, there, as well as here, will exist, with vitality and energy, the protest of Right against Force. Understanding well the gullible man who has accepted the sad mission of being the instrument for enslaving a free people: his vacillating throne does not rest on the free will of the nation, but rather on the blood and cadavers of thousands of Mexicans who have been sacrificed without reason and only because they defend their freedom and their rights. Mexicans: those who have the disgrace to live under the dominion of the usurpers, do not resign yourselves to putting up with the yoke of oppression that weighs on you. Do not delude yourselves with the perfidious insinuations of the followers of the consummated deeds, because they are and have been always the followers of despotism. The existence of arbitrary power is a permanent violation of people’s rights and Justice, which neither the passage of time nor arms can ever justify, and whose destruction is necessary to honor Mexico and humanity. I declare myself: in action and deeds, just as resolute as in the first day.”<\/p>\n
Benito Juarez, January 1865, Chihuahua<\/i>
\nTo the people of Mexico: To the peoples and governments of the world: Brothers and sisters:<\/p>\nThe first day of January of 1994 we released the “First Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle”. The 10th of June of 1994 we released the “Second Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle”. First one and then the other were inspired by the fervor of the struggle for democracy, liberty and justice for all Mexicans.<\/p>\n
In the first one we called upon the Mexican people to take up arms against the bad government, as the principal obstacle to the transition to democracy in our country. In the second one we called Mexicans to a civic and peaceful effort. This was the National Democratic Convention, which was to achieve the profound changes that the nation demanded.<\/p>\n
While the supreme government demonstrated its falseness and haughtiness, we, by one gesture after another, dedicated ourselves to showing the Mexican people our social base, the justness of our demands and the dignity that motivated our struggle. Our weapons were laid down, and were put aside so that the legal struggle could demonstrate its possibilities…and limitations. In the “Second Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle” the EZLN attempted, by all means, to avoid the re-initiation of hostilities and to look for a political, dignified and just solution to resolve the demands contained in the 11 points of our program for struggle: housing, land, work, food, health, education, justice, independence, liberty, democracy and peace.<\/p>\n
The pre-electoral process in August 1994 brought hope to many sectors of the country, that the transition to democracy was possible by means of the electoral process. Knowing that elections are not, in the current conditions, the road to democratic change, the EZLN accepted being put to one side in order to give legal political opposition forces the opportunity to struggle. The EZLN pledged its word and its effort, then, to seeking a peaceful transition to democracy. In the National Democratic Convention the EZLN sought a civic and peaceful force. One which, without opposing the electoral process, would also not consumed by it, and that would seek new forms of struggle which would include more democratic sectors in Mexico as well as linking itself with democratic movements in other parts of the world. August 21 ended the illusions of an immediate change through peaceful means. An electoral process that is corrupt, immoral, unfair and illegitimate culminated in a new mockery of the good will of the citizens. The party-State system reaffirmed its antidemocratic vocation and imposed, in all parts and at all levels, its arrogance. In the face of an unprecedented level of voter participation, the Mexican political system opted for imposition and cut off, therefore, the hopes for the electoral process. Reports from the National Democratic Convention, the Civic Alliance, and the Commission for Truth brought to light what the mass media had hidden, with shameful complicity: a gigantic fraud. The multitude of irregularities, the inequity, the corruption, the cheating, the intimidation, the robbery and the lying–they made the elections the dirtiest ones in Mexico’s history. The high absentee rates in the local elections in Veracruz, Tlaxcala, and Tabasco showed that skepticism would reign within civil society in Mexico. Not satisfied with this, the Party\/State system repeated the fraud of August, imposing governors, mayors and local congresses. As at the end of the 19th century, when the traitors held “elections” to justify the French intervention, today it is said that the nation greets with approval the continuation of an authoritarian imposition. The electoral process of August 1994 is a State crime. They should be judged as criminals and held responsible for this mockery.<\/p>\n
On the other side, gradualism and hesitation appear in the lines of the opposition who accept a perception of this great fraud as a series of small “irregularities”. A great dilemma in the struggle for democracy in Mexico reappears: the civic struggle bets upon a transition “without pain”, a final blow which will light the road to democracy, and only prolongs the agony.<\/p>\n
The case of Chiapas is only one of the consequences of this political system. Ignoring the longings of the people of Chiapas, the government repeats its dosage of imposition and domination.<\/p>\n
Confronted by a broad movement of repudiation, the Party\/state system opts to repeat to society the lie of its triumph and to exacerbate the confrontations. The present polarization in southeastern Mexico is the responsibility of the government and demonstrates its incapacity to resolve, at their roots, the political and social problems of Mexico. Through corruption and repression they try to resolve a problem that can only be solved when the legitimate triumph of the will of the people of Chiapas is recognized. The EZLN has maintained itself, until now, at the margins of the popular mobilizations, even though they have been subjected to a great campaign of defamation and indiscriminate repression.<\/p>\n
Waiting for signs of the government’s willingness to accept a political, just and dignified solution to the conflict, the EZLN watched, powerlessly, as the best sons and daughters of the dignity of Chiapas were assassinated, jailed and threatened. The EZLN watched as their indigenous brothers in Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chihuahua and Veracruz were repressed and received mockery as an answer to their demands for a solution to their living conditions.<\/p>\n
During all of this period the EZLN resisted not only the military blockade and the threats and the intimidations by federal forces; but also resisted a campaign of slander and lies. As during the first days of 1994, they accused us of receiving foreign military support and financing; they tried to force us to give up our flags in exchange for money and government posts; they tried to delegitimize our struggle by reducing the national problem to a local indigenous context.<\/p>\n
Meanwhile the supreme government prepared a military solution for the indigenous rebellion in Chiapas and in the nation despair and impatience arose. Covered by an expressed desire for dialogue that only hid the desire to liquidate the Zapatista movement through asphyxiation, the bad government let time and death run rampant through the indigenous communities in the country.<\/p>\n
Meanwhile the Revolutionary Institutional Party, the political arm of organized crime and drug traffickers, went into its most acute phase of decomposition, by resorting to assassination as the method of solving its internal conflicts. Incapable of a civilized dialogue within its own party, the PRI bloodied the national soil. The shame of seeing the national colors usurped by the emblem of the PRI continues for all Mexicans.<\/p>\n
The government and the country again forgot the original inhabitants of these lands. Cynicism and laziness returned to take possession of the sentiments of the Nation. Along with their rights to the minimal conditions of life with dignity, the indigenous peoples were denied the right to govern and govern according to their own reason and will. The deaths of our members become useless. Seeing that they did not leave us with any other alternative, the EZLN risked breaking the military blockade that surrounded it, and marched with the help of other indigenous brothers, who were fed up with the despair and misery and tired of the peaceful means. Seeking at all costs to avoid bloodying Mexican soil with the brothers’ blood, the EZLN saw itself obliged to call the Nation’s attention anew to the grave conditions of Mexican indigenous life. We called attention especially to those who supposedly had received government help, and yet continue living in the misery that they inherited, year after year, for more than five centuries. With the offensive in December 1994, the EZLN sought to show, to Mexico and to the world, its proud indigenous essence and the impossibility of resolving the local situation without simultaneous profound changes in the political, economic and social relations throughout the country.<\/p>\n
The indigenous question will not have a solution if there is not a RADICAL transformation of the national pact. The only means of incorporating, with justice and dignity, the indigenous of the Nation, is to recognize the characteristics of their own social, political and cultural organization. Autonomy is not separation; it is integration of the most humble and forgotten minorities of contemporary Mexico. This is how the EZLN understood the issue since its founding, and this is how the indigenous communities who make up the leadership of our organization have defined it.<\/p>\n
Today we repeat: OUR STRUGGLE IS NATIONAL We have been criticized for asking for too much. We, the Zapatistas, it is said, should be satisfied with the handouts that the bad government offers us. Those who are willing to die for a just and legitimate cause have the right to ask for everything. We Zapatistas are willing to give up the only thing we have, life, to demand democracy, liberty and justice for all Mexicans.<\/p>\n
Today we reaffirm: FOR EVERYONE, EVERYTHING, NOTHING FOR US! At the end of 1994 the economic farce with which Salinas had deceived the Nation and the international economy exploded. The nation of money called the grand gentlemen of power and arrogance to dinner, and they did not hesitate in betraying the soil and sky in which they prospered with Mexican blood. The economic crisis awoke Mexicans from the sweet and stupefying dream of entry into the first world. The nightmare of unemployment, scarcity and misery will now be even more wearing for the majority of Mexicans.<\/p>\n
1994, the year that has just ended, has just shown the real face of the brutal system that dominates us. The economic, political, social and repressive program of neo-liberalism has demonstrated its inefficiency, its deceptions, and the cruel injustice that is its essence. Neoliberalism as a doctrine and as a reality should be flung into the trash heap of national history.<\/p>\n
BROTHERS AND SISTERS:<\/p>\n
Today, in the middle of this crisis, decisive action by all honest Mexicans is necessary in order to achieve a real and profound change in the destinies of the Nation.<\/p>\n
Today, after having called first to arms and later to a civic and peaceful struggle, we call the people of Mexico to struggle BY ALL MEANS, AT ALL LEVELS, AND IN ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, for democracy, liberty and justice, by means of this…<\/p>\n
III DECLARATION OF THE LACANDON JUNGLE<\/p>\n
We call upon all social and political forces of the country, to all honest Mexicans, to all of those who struggle for the democratization of the national reality, to form a NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT, including the National Democratic Convention and ALL forces, without distinction by religious creed, race or political ideology, who are against the system of the State party. This National Liberation Movement will struggle from a common accord, by all means, at all levels, for the installation of a transitional government, a new constitutional body, a new constitution, and the destruction of the system of the Party- State. We call upon the National Democratic Convention and citizen Cuahtemoc Cardenas Solorzano to head up this National Liberation Movement, as a broad opposition front.<\/p>\n
WE CALL UPON THE WORKERS OF THE REPUBLIC, THE WORKERS IN THE COUNTRYSIDE AND THE CITIES, THE NEIGHBORHOOD RESIDENTS, THE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS OF MEXICO, THE WOMEN OF MEXICO, THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY, THE HONEST ARTISTS AND INTELLECTUALS, THE RESPONSIBLE RELIGIOUS MEMBERS, THE COMMUNITY- BASED MILITANTS OF THE DIFFERENT POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS, to take up the means and forms of struggle that they consider possible and necessary, to struggle for the end of the Party-State system, incorporating themselves into the NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION if they do not belong to a party, and to the National Liberation Movement if they are active in any of the political opposition forces.<\/p>\n
For now, in keeping with the spirit of this III DECLARATION OF THE LACANDON JUNGLE, we declare:<\/p>\n
\n
- FIRST– that from the federal government custody of the Motherland be taken. The Mexican flag, the justice system of the Nation, the Mexican Hymn, and the National Emblem will now be under the care of the resistance forces until legality, legitimacy and sovereignty are restored to all of the national territory.<\/li>\n
- SECOND–The original Political Constitution of the United Mexican States is declared valid, as written on the 5th of February of 1917, with the incorporation of the Revolutionary Laws of 1993 and inclusion of the Statutes of Autonomy for the indigenous regions, and will be held as valid until a new constitutional body is installed and a new constitution is written.<\/li>\n
- THIRD–We call for the people of Mexico to struggle for recognition for “the transitional governments to democracy”. These shall be social and political organizations, as they are defined by the distinct communities for themselves, which maintain the federal pact agreed upon in the 1917 Constitution, and which are included, without regard for religious creed, social class, political ideology, race, or sex, in the National Liberation Movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The EZLN will support the civilian population in the task of restoring the legality, order, legitimacy and national sovereignty, and in the struggle for the formation and installation of a national transitional government for democracy with the following characteristics:<\/p>\n
1. The liquidation of the system of Party-State and really separates the government from the PRI.<\/p>\n
2. The reform of the electoral law in terms that guarantees: clean elections, legitimacy, equity, non-partisan and non- governmental citizen participation, recognition of all national, regional and local political forces, and that convenes new general elections in the federation.<\/p>\n
3. The convening of a constitutional body for the creation of a new constitution<\/p>\n
4. The recognition of the particularities of the indigenous groups, recognizing their right to inclusive autonomy and citizenship.<\/p>\n
5. The re-orientation of the national economic program, putting aside lies and deceptions, and favoring the most dispossessed sectors in the country, the workers and the peasants, who are the principal producers of the wealth that others appropriate.
\nBROTHERS AND SISTERS:<\/p>\nPeace will come hand in hand with democracy, liberty and justice for all Mexicans. Our path cannot find a peace with justice which our dead demand, if it is at the cost of our Mexican dignity. The earth does not rest; it walks in our hearts. The mockery to our dead demands that we struggle to wash away their shame. We will resist. The oppression and the arrogance will be overthrown.<\/p>\n
As with Benito Juarez in the face of French intervention, the Motherland marches today at the side of the patriotic forces, against the anti-democratic forces and authorities. Today we say:<\/p>\n
The Motherland lives! And she is ours!<\/p>\n
Democracy! Liberty! Justice!<\/p>\n
From the mountains of Southeastern Mexico<\/i><\/p>\n
Clandestine Indigenous Revolutionary Committee–General Command of the Zapatista National Liberation Army Mexico<\/p>\n
January 1995<\/p>\n
[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[:es]A un a\u00f1o del alzamiento zapatista, hoy decimos: \u00a1La patria vive! \u00a1Y es nuestra! Hemos sido desgraciados, es verdad; la suerte nos ha sido adversa muchas veces, pero la causa de M\u00e9xico, que es a causa del derecho y de la justicia, no ha sucumbido, no ha muerto y no morir\u00e1 porque existen a\u00fan mexicanos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[955,118],"tags":[1098],"class_list":["post-20284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ezln-temas","category-ezln","tag-declaraciones-de-la-selva-lacandona"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20284\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}