{"id":17081,"date":"2016-06-23T09:15:09","date_gmt":"2016-06-23T14:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=17081"},"modified":"2020-01-25T07:40:25","modified_gmt":"2020-01-25T13:40:25","slug":"la-bomba-atomica-y-los-juegos-olimpicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=17081","title":{"rendered":"[:es]La bomba at\u00f3mica y los juegos ol\u00edmpicos[:en]The Atomic Bomb and the Olympic Games[:]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[:es]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17082\" src=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial View of 2012 Olympics Stadium London. olympic-stadium-aerial-view.jpg\" width=\"468\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba.jpg 468w, https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba-350x257.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Leonardo Boff<\/h4>\n<p>En el momento exacto en que se inauguren en R\u00edo de Janeiro los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos a las 20:00 horas del d\u00eda 6 de agosto de 2016, a los 71 a\u00f1os de ese mismo d\u00eda 6 de agosto de 1945 y a la misma hora, que corresponde a las 8:15 de la ma\u00f1ana, se recordar\u00e1 en Hiroshima (Jap\u00f3n) la fecha nefasta del lanzamiento de la bomba at\u00f3mica sobre la ciudad. Caus\u00f3 242.437 v\u00edctimas entre las que murieron en aquel momento y las que fallecieron posteriormente como consecuencia de la radiaci\u00f3n nuclear.<\/p>\n<p>El emperador Hirohito reconoci\u00f3 en el texto de la rendici\u00f3n del d\u00eda 14 de agosto, que se \u00abtrataba de un arma que llevar\u00eda a la total extinci\u00f3n de la civilizaci\u00f3n humana\u00bb. D\u00edas despu\u00e9s, al presentar en una declaraci\u00f3n al pueblo las razones de la rendici\u00f3n, la principal era que la bomba at\u00f3mica \u00abprovocar\u00eda la muerte de todo el pueblo japon\u00e9s\u00bb. En su sabidur\u00eda ancestral ten\u00eda raz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>La humanidad se estremeci\u00f3. De repente se dio cuenta de que, seg\u00fan el cosm\u00f3logo Carl Sagan, hab\u00edamos creado para nosotros mismos el principio de autodestrucci\u00f3n. No dijo otra cosa Jean-Paul Sartre: \u00ablos seres humanos se apropiar\u00e1n de los instrumentos de su propia exterminaci\u00f3n\u00bb. El gran historiador ingl\u00e9s, Arnold Toynbee, el \u00faltimo en escribir 12 tomos sobre la historia de las civilizaciones, aterrado, dej\u00f3 escrito en sus memorias (Experiencias 1969): \u00abViv\u00ed para ver el fin de la historia humana volverse una posibilidad intra-hist\u00f3rica, capaz de ser traducida en hecho, no por un acto de Dios sino del hombre\u00bb.<br \/>\nEl gran naturalista franc\u00e9s Th\u00e9odore Monod dijo enf\u00e1ticamente: \u00absomos capaces de una conducta insensata y demente; a partir de ahora se puede temer todo, realmente todo, inclusive la aniquilaci\u00f3n de la raza humana\u00bb (\u00bfY si la aventura huma fallase? , 2000).<\/p>\n<p>En efecto, de poco sirvi\u00f3 el horror, pues siguieron desarroll\u00e1ndose armas nucleares m\u00e1s potentes todav\u00eda, capaces de erradicar toda la vida del planeta y de poner fin a la especie humana.<\/p>\n<p>Actualmente hay 9 pa\u00edses con armas nucleares que, conjuntamente, suman m\u00e1s o menos 17.000. Y sabemos que la seguridad total no existe. Los desastres de Tree Islands en USA, de Chernobyl en Ucrania y de Fukushima en Jap\u00f3n nos dan una prueba convincente.<\/p>\n<p>Hace unos d\u00edas, un presidente norteamericano, Obama, visit\u00f3 por primera vez Hiroshima.<br \/>\nSolo lament\u00f3 el hecho y dijo: \u00abla muerte cay\u00f3 del cielo y el mundo cambi\u00f3&#8230; comenz\u00f3 nuestro despertar moral\u00bb. Pero no tuvo el valor de pedir perd\u00f3n al pueblo japon\u00e9s por las escenas apocal\u00edpticas que ocurrieron all\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Existe una vasta discusi\u00f3n mundial sobre c\u00f3mo evaluar tal gesto b\u00e9lico. Muchos pragm\u00e1ticamente afirman que fue la forma que se encontr\u00f3 para obligar a Jap\u00f3n a rendirse y evitar miles de v\u00edctimas en ambos lados. Otros consideran el uso de esta arma letal, en la versi\u00f3n oficial japonesa, como \u00abun acto ilegal de hostilidad de acuerdo a las reglas del derecho internacional\u00bb. Otros van m\u00e1s lejos y afirman que se trata de un \u00abcrimen de guerra\u00bb y hasta de \u00abun terrorismo de Estado\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Hoy nos inclinamos a decir que fue un acto criminal anti-vida, en modo alguno justificable, pues pensando en t\u00e9rminos ecol\u00f3gicos, la bomba mat\u00f3 mucho m\u00e1s que personas, todas las formas de vida vegetal, animal y org\u00e1nica, adem\u00e1s de la destrucci\u00f3n total de los bienes culturales. Las guerras generalmente se hacen de ej\u00e9rcitos contra ej\u00e9rcitos, de aviones contra aviones, de nav\u00edos contra nav\u00edos. Aqu\u00ed no. Se trat\u00f3 de una totaler Krieg (guerra total) en el estilo nazi de matar todo lo que se mueve, envenenar aguas, contaminar los aires y diezmar las bases f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas que sustentan la vida. Por tener conciencia de esta barbaridad Albert Einstein se neg\u00f3 a participar en el proyecto de la bomba at\u00f3mica y la conden\u00f3, vehementemente, junto con Bertrand Russel.<\/p>\n<p>Al lado de otras amenazas letales que pesan sobre el sistema-vida y el sistema-Tierra, esta nuclear contin\u00faa siendo una de las que m\u00e1s aterra, verdadera espada de Damocles colocada sobre la cabeza de la humanidad. \u00bfQuien podr\u00e1 contener la irracionalidad de Corea del Norte de desencadenar un ataque nuclear avasallador?<\/p>\n<p>Hay una propuesta profundamente humanitaria que nos llega de S\u00e3o Paulo, de la Asociaci\u00f3n de los Supervivientes de Hiroshima y Nagasaki (llamados hibakusha, se presume que hay unos 118 en Brasil), animada por el militante contra la energ\u00eda nuclear Chico Whitaker: que el d\u00eda 6 de agosto, en el momento de la apertura de los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos, se haga un minuto de silencio pensando en las v\u00edctimas de Hiroshima. Pero no solo eso, sino que volvamos tambi\u00e9n nuestras mentes contra la violencia en contra de las mujeres, los refugiados, los negros y pobres que son sistem\u00e1ticamente diezmados (solamente en Brasil en 2015 60 mil j\u00f3venes negros), los ind\u00edgenas, los quilombolas y los sin-tierra y sin-techo, en fin, todas las v\u00edctimas de la voracidad de nuestro sistema de acumulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En este sentido el alcalde de Hiroshima ya dirigi\u00f3 una carta al Comit\u00e9 Organizador de los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos. Esperamos que \u00e9l se sensibilice y promueva ese grito silencioso contra las guerras de todo tipo y por la paz entre todos los pueblos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Leonardo Boff<\/p>\n<p>[:en]<\/p>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48922\"><center><a href=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17082\" src=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial View of 2012 Olympics Stadium London. olympic-stadium-aerial-view.jpg\" width=\"468\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba.jpg 468w, https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/bomba-350x257.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/center><center id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48923\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48925\" style=\"color: #a6281f;\">Leonardo Boff<br \/>\nTheologian-Philosopher<br \/>\nEarthcharter Commission<br \/>\n<\/span><\/center><\/p>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48928\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">At the exact moment when the Olympic Games will begin\u00a0in Rio de Janeiro, at 8:00 p.m.\u00a0on August 6, 2016, 71 years after August 6, 1945, in Hiroshima, Japan, at the same time, that corresponds to 8:15 a.m., the dreadful launching of the atomic bomb on that city will be remembered. The bomb caused 242.437 victims,\u00a0counting those who died\u00a0instantly, and those who died later,\u00a0as a consequence of nuclear radiation.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48930\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In the text of surrender of August, 14th, Emperor Hirohito recognized\u00a0that <em>\u00abit was about a weapon that could cause the total extinction of human civilization\u00bb.<\/em> Days later, when sharing\u00a0with the people the reasons for the\u00a0surrender,\u00a0he declared that\u00a0the main reason was that the atomic bomb <em>\u00abcould\u00a0bring about\u00a0the death of all the Japanese people\u00bb.<\/em> In his ancestral wisdom,\u00a0Emperor Hirohito was right.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48932\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Humanity trembled. According to cosmologist Carl Sagan, suddenly humanity realized that we had created for ourselves the\u00a0beginning of our\u00a0self destruction. Jean-Paul Sartre said the same:<em> \u00abhumans will appropriate the instruments of their own extermination\u00bb<\/em>. Terrified, the great British historian, Arnold Toynbee,\u00a0who ultimately\u00a0penned 12 volumes\u00a0on the history of civilizations, wrote in his memoir, (<i id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48934\">Experiences<\/i>\u00a01969): <em>\u00abI lived to see the end of human history\u00a0become an anti-historic\u00a0possibility, capable of actually occurring, not as an act of God, but of man\u00bb<\/em>. The great French naturalist Theodore Monod emphatically said: <em>\u00abwe are capable of senseless and deranged conduct; from now on, we can be afraid of everything, actually everything, even the annihilation of the whole human race<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><em>\u00bb<\/em> (<i id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48935\">And if the human adventure would fail?\u00a0<\/i> 2000).\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48936\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In fact, the horror came to nothing, because nuclear weapons continued to be developed, ever\u00a0more potent, capable of eradicating life from the planet and putting an end to the human species.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48938\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Presently 9 countries\u00a0have nuclear weapons, totalling\u00a017.000, more or less. And we know that\u00a0complete security does not exist. The disasters of Three Mile Island in the U.S., Chernobyl in Ukraine, and Fukushima, in Japan,\u00a0provide convincing proof.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48940\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A few days ago, the Northamerican President, Barak Obama, visited\u00a0Hiroshima for the first time.\u00a0 Lamenting only the fact,\u00a0he said: <em>\u00abdeath fell from the sky and the world changed&#8230; our moral awakening began\u00bb<\/em>. But President Obama did not have the courage\u00a0to ask for\u00a0forgiveness\u00a0from the Japanese people for the apocalyptic scenes that transpired there.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48942\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A world-wide discussion now\u00a0exists as how to evaluate\u00a0this act of war. Many pragmatically claim that it was the\u00a0only way\u00a0to force Japan to surrender, and avoid thousands of victims on both sides. Others consider the use of this deadly weapon, in the official Japanese version, as <em>\u00aban illegal hostile act under\u00a0the norms of international law\u00bb.<\/em> Others go even farther and affirm that it was a <em>\u00abwar crime\u00bb<\/em> and even <em>\u00abState terrorism\u00bb.<\/em> <\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48944\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Now we are moved to say that it was a criminal act against life, that cannot be justified in any form, because thinking in ecological terms, the bomb killed much more than people: all the forms of vegetation, animal and organic\u00a0life and the total destruction of cultural goods as well. Wars are usually made of armies against armies, war planes against war planes, battle ships against battle\u00a0ships.\u00a0 Not here.\u00a0 It was about a\u00a0<i id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48946\">totaler Krieg<\/i>\u00a0(total war) in the Nazi style of killing anything that moves, poisoning waters, contaminating the wind and\u00a0 decimating the physical&#8211;chemical bases that sustain life. Conscious of this barbarity, Albert Einstein refused to participate in the atomic bomb project and, together with Bertrand Russell,\u00a0he vehemently condemned it.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48947\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Besides other deadly threats\u00a0to the life-and-Earth-systems, the nuclear threat continues to be the most terrifying, a true Damocles sword\u00a0sits atop humanity&#8217;s head. Who could contain the irrationality of North Korea, in\u00a0unleashing a devastating nuclear attack?\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48949\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">There is a deeply human proposal that comes to us from Sao Paulo, Brazil, from the <em>Association of\u00a0Hiroshima\u00a0and Nagasaki Survivors<\/em> (called, <em>hibakusha&#8211;<\/em>It is believed that\u00a0there are some 118 in Brazil), led by\u00a0Chico Whitaker,\u00a0a militant\u00a0opponent of nuclear energy, that on August 6, at the moment of the opening of the Olympic Games, there be a minute of silence, to remember\u00a0the victims of\u00a0Hiroshima. Not only that, but that our thoughts also turn\u00a0against violence against women, refugees, Blacks and the poor, who are systematically decimated (in Brazil alone, in 2015, 60 thousand Black youth were lost), the indigenous, the <em>quilombolas,<\/em> the landless, the homeless, in fact, all the victims of the voracity of our system of accumulation.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48952\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">On this topic, the Mayor of Hiroshima has already sent a letter to the Olympic Organizing Committee. Let&#8217;s hope that the\u00a0Committee promotes that silent cry against all war, and for peace amog all the peoples of the world.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48954\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48961\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48962\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1465852600635_48963\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a title=\"http:\/\/leonardoboff.com\/\" href=\"http:\/\/leonardoboff.com\/\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Leonardo Boff<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a006-14-2016<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;[:]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[:es] Leonardo Boff En el momento exacto en que se inauguren en R\u00edo de Janeiro los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos a las 20:00 horas del d\u00eda 6 de agosto de 2016, a los 71 a\u00f1os de ese mismo d\u00eda 6 de agosto de 1945 y a la misma hora, que corresponde a las 8:15 de la ma\u00f1ana, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1284,953,183],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-latinoamerica","category-mundo","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17081"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33846,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17081\/revisions\/33846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}