{"id":13137,"date":"2015-05-09T01:39:58","date_gmt":"2015-05-09T06:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=13137"},"modified":"2015-11-29T18:55:30","modified_gmt":"2015-11-30T00:55:30","slug":"palabras-del-subcomandante-insurgente-moises-seminario-%e2%80%9cel-pensamiento-critico-frente-a-la-hidra-capitalista%e2%80%9d-4-de-mayo-de-2015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=13137","title":{"rendered":"<!--:es-->Econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica desde las comunidades I. Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s. 4 de mayo de 2015<!--:--><!--:en-->Political Economy from the Perspective of the Communities I. Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s. 4 May 2015<!--:-->"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Palabras del Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s (4 de mayo de 2015)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13138\" title=\"IMG_1110\" src=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101.jpg 1037w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Escucha aqu\u00ed:<br \/>\n[podcast]https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/Audios\/pensamiento\/4may_sup-moi.mp3[\/podcast]<\/p>\n<p>Buenas tardes compa\u00f1eros, compa\u00f1eras.<\/p>\n<p>Lo que les voy a platicar, platicado, no le\u00eddo, es sobre c\u00f3mo era y  c\u00f3mo es la econom\u00eda desde las comunidades, del capitalismo pues. Les voy  a hablar de hace 30 a\u00f1os y de hace 20 a\u00f1os y unos pocos a\u00f1os de ahora.  Les voy a platicar en tres partes: c\u00f3mo viven las comunidades desde  antes, de hace 30 a\u00f1os; c\u00f3mo viven ahora los que no est\u00e1n organizados  como zapatistas y luego c\u00f3mo vivimos nosotros, nosotras como zapatistas  de ahora.<\/p>\n<p>No quiere decir que entonces no sabemos los dem\u00e1s siglos pasados, lo  sabemos. Lo que queremos marcar de ac\u00e1, porque nosotros tenemos 30 a\u00f1os,  desde el 83, el a\u00f1o de 1983 cuando llega el grupo de compa\u00f1eros, a  partir de ah\u00ed hasta ahora tenemos 30 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Words by Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s (4 May 2015)<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\nSeminar &#8220;Critical Thought vs. the Capitalist Hydra&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13138\" title=\"IMG_1110\" src=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG_11101.jpg 1037w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Listen here:<br \/>\n[podcast]https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/Audios\/pensamiento\/4may_sup-moi.mp3[\/podcast]<\/p>\n<p>Good afternoon <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em>, <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>What  I\u2019m going to talk to you about\u2014not read to you\u2014has to do with what the  economy was like and is like in the communities, that is, I\u2019m going to  talk to you about capitalism. I\u2019m going to talk to you about how it was  30 years ago, 20 years ago, and in these past few years. I\u2019m going to  speak to you about this in three parts: how the communities lived  before, 30 years ago; how those who are not organized as Zapatistas live  today; and then about how we live, we the Zapatistas of today.<\/p>\n<p>This  isn\u2019t to say that we don\u2019t know how it was centuries ago; we do know.  But we want to demarcate things from here because we are 30 years  old\u2014starting from \u201983, the year 1983 when the group of <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> arrived, and so from that date to now, we are 30 years old.<\/p>\n<p><!--:--><!--more--><!--:es--><\/p>\n<p>Cuando no hab\u00eda llegado el Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional,  entonces nosotros los ind\u00edgenas de Chiapas para el sistema capitalista  no existimos, no somos como gente, no somos como humano. Ni siquiera  basura servimos para ellos pues. Y as\u00ed nos imaginamos los dem\u00e1s hermanos  ind\u00edgenas en el resto de nuestro pa\u00eds. Y as\u00ed nos imaginamos tambi\u00e9n en  todos los pa\u00edses donde existen ind\u00edgenas.<\/p>\n<p>En donde vivimos, o sea en las serran\u00edas, en los cerros, ellos lo  tienen as\u00ed en reserva. No saben si existen ind\u00edgenas ah\u00ed, como dicen, <em>Biosfera de Montes Azules. <\/em>Y  entonces nadie llevaba la cuenta de cu\u00e1ntos ni\u00f1os, ni\u00f1as, est\u00e1n  naciendo. O sea el capitalismo no sabe nada, nadie lleva la cuenta  porque no existimos para ellos.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfEntonces c\u00f3mo sobrevivimos ah\u00ed? Pues con la madre tierra. La madre  tierra es la que nos dio la vida, aunque no haya gobierno, gobernadores o  presidentes municipales que se acuerdan de nosotros, nosotras. Estamos  olvidados. S\u00f3lo lo que hab\u00eda all\u00e1 en nuestros pueblos, las mejores  tierras, hay unos cuantos hombres, claro, con sus mujeres tambi\u00e9n, los  terratenientes, los finqueros, o los latifundistas.<\/p>\n<p>Ellos s\u00ed son los que tienen miles de hect\u00e1reas de tierras buenas,  buen agua, buen r\u00edo. Por eso a nosotros nos sacaron de ah\u00ed, nos  empujaron hacia las serran\u00edas, porque para ellos esos cerros no sirven,  no les dan nada para ellos, y ah\u00ed nos echaron a nosotros.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirven esas miles y miles de hect\u00e1reas de las buenas  tierras para ellos? Es para tener miles y miles de cabezas de ganado,  vacas. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es que pudieron mantenerse all\u00ed a lo largo de muchos a\u00f1os?  Porque tienen buenos pistoleros, que nosotros les decimos <em>guardias blancas, <\/em>que no nos dejaban pasar en sus terrenos, en la tierra que dec\u00edan que es de ellos.<\/p>\n<p>Pues as\u00ed entonces, qu\u00e9 podemos hablar de econom\u00eda en las comunidades  si estamos olvidados ah\u00ed. Lo \u00fanico lo que hacen es explotar ah\u00ed en sus  fincas, a que lo trabajen nuestros abuelos, bisabuelos. Entonces lo que  pas\u00f3 con nosotros es tuvimos que inventar, tuvimos que imaginar c\u00f3mo  tenemos que vivir, sobrevivir en nuestra madre tierra, resistiendo todas  las maldades de lo que hace el terrateniente o el latifundista.<\/p>\n<p>Nunca se conoci\u00f3 si hay carreteras, nunca se supo ni de nombre que se  dice cl\u00ednicas u hospitales, mucho menos escuela, que se dice escuela, o  los salones de la escuela, de la educaci\u00f3n. Nunca hubo nada de campa\u00f1as  de salud, no hay programas, no hay becas, no hay nada, est\u00e1bamos  olvidados.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces, as\u00ed como estamos diciendo, porque hablo de todos los  hermanos y los compa\u00f1eros que estamos organizados ahora, no hablo por m\u00ed  solo, vemos de que hace 20 a\u00f1os la econom\u00eda capitalista en las  comunidades, c\u00f3mo empezaron a interesarse all\u00e1 en las comunidades, no  tanto por las comunidades sino de donde viven, donde vivimos, donde  vivieron, porque tambi\u00e9n ya hay hermanos, compa\u00f1eros muertos y muertas.<\/p>\n<p>Primero es que entonces no les basta que tienen las mejores tierras,  que para ellos ya les sirvi\u00f3 muchos a\u00f1os. Ahora se dieron cuenta de que  en los cerros, las monta\u00f1as, ah\u00ed est\u00e1 otra mercanc\u00eda para ellos, que ya  lo han dicho varias veces ac\u00e1, es la riqueza de la naturaleza. Entonces  empiezan a organizarse para volver a desalojarnos, donde nos empujaron,  donde nos mandaron, ahora nos vuelven a querer sacar de ah\u00ed. O sea hacer  el despojo, el desalojo, porque quieren esa riqueza.<\/p>\n<p>Y esa riqueza que est\u00e1 ah\u00ed pues nosotros con nuestros tatarabuelos,  como lo decimos, ellos lo tienen cuidado, y eso es lo que lo quieren  llevar, sacar, ese capitalista que en pocos a\u00f1os lo van a destruir lo  que hace miles de millones de a\u00f1os que est\u00e1 ah\u00ed en la madre tierra.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo es eso? Pues lo saben, nada m\u00e1s les recuerdo cu\u00e1l fue la ma\u00f1a,  la trampa que hizo el sistema capitalista, es cuando cambiaron el  art\u00edculo 27 para que entonces se pueda privatizar los ejidos, porque lo  que quieren es que ahora s\u00ed se pueda vender o rentar a la madre tierra.<\/p>\n<p>Les voy a tener que invitar a que hagan un poquito de imaginaci\u00f3n  porque estamos hablando de 20 a\u00f1os, o sea es cuando ya salimos nosotros a  la luz p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces cuando el gobierno se dio cuenta que as\u00ed est\u00e1 eso, ahora s\u00ed,  disfrazado de varias maneras, uno es de que entonces dice el mal  gobierno que ya est\u00e1 cumpliendo nuestras demandas, empieza a meter  carreteras, pero no es por eso, sino es por el cambio del art\u00edculo 27  para privatizar a los ejidos. Entonces aprovecha de dos maneras porque  ya se dieron cuenta que nos levantamos, ahora hace como que est\u00e1  cumpliendo, empieza a meter carreteras, empieza a dar proyectos; y el  proyecto que es cosa de un mill\u00f3n o dos millones de pesos, entre cien,  doscientos, trecientos proyectos, sacan ah\u00ed en ese miserable de dinero  pues, y ni siquiera llega en las comunidades, les queda a toda esa bola  de gobiernos; pero eso es lo que anuncian, lo que nos dicen.<\/p>\n<p>Si les dijera todo lo que dicen los compas y los hermanos tambi\u00e9n, de  que hasta hay proyectos que le dicen que se llama \u201cpececito\u201d, vete a  saber qu\u00e9 es lo que quiere decir pececito. Por eso estoy diciendo que lo  parten muchos proyectos en poco dinero.<\/p>\n<p>Y ya empez\u00f3 a haber algunas escuelas, algunas cl\u00ednicas. Ni siquiera  saben leer los alumnos y dicen que ya les dan beca. Y de las cl\u00ednicas  dicen que les dan su seguro popular porque con esa credencial est\u00e1s bien  atendido o atendida, y a la hora de que se van le dicen que no hay  doctor o doctora; y si est\u00e1 el doctor o la doctora ellos dicen no hay  medicina; y si est\u00e1 ah\u00ed el doctor, doctora, y hay medicina, est\u00e1  caducada. Pero como no sabemos leer, ah\u00ed est\u00e1 el doctor, doctora, te da  la medicina caducada, le dan de tomar y no es lo que cura el dolor que  tienes. El chiste es nada m\u00e1s que te dan como que ya te est\u00e1n dando tu  medicamento, ni sabes si es la medicina que necesitas para tu  enfermedad.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces as\u00ed como les estoy diciendo, que empez\u00f3 a meter muchos  proyectos y con esas cositas que ya les digo, as\u00ed vino pasando los a\u00f1os.  Ahora como est\u00e1, porque una de las cosas que hicieron de esos muchos  proyectos que dice el mal gobierno y poco dinero para repartir, entonces  es para el control que hace el mal gobierno, para que entren de ser  zapatistas. Creo que le dicen la campa\u00f1a de contrainsurgencia o la  guerra de baja intensidad, no s\u00e9 c\u00f3mo le dicen pero es eso, el control  de que ya no luches, ahora vamos a cumplirte, aqu\u00ed est\u00e1. Adem\u00e1s si te  vas a meter de zapatista m\u00edralo mi ej\u00e9rcito, ellos est\u00e1n m\u00e1s preparados,  nada m\u00e1s te vas a la muerte. Entonces eso es campa\u00f1a para controlarlos.<\/p>\n<p>Les estoy diciendo esto porque ahora esas comunidades, los que se  dejaron privatizar su ejido, porque hay quienes se dejaron, ya est\u00e1n  ah\u00ed, podemos decir como en las ciudades, hay vagabundos ah\u00ed, ah\u00ed est\u00e1n  caminando, no tienen casa, est\u00e1 drogadicto en thinner, en esas cosas.  Igual ya en las comunidades porque vendieron su tierra, porque  recibieron los papeles, la escritura de ser propietarios, de ser como  ranchero, peque\u00f1o ranchero, peque\u00f1o propietario, entonces ya lograron  sea suyo entonces lo venden y ya quedaron en la calle, ya no tienen  donde sembrar su ma\u00edz, su frijol.<\/p>\n<p>Otros, los que han recibido proyectos de varios tipos de proyectos,  ahora les est\u00e1n cobrando seg\u00fan el inter\u00e9s del capitalismo. Nada m\u00e1s como  para decirles algunas, all\u00e1 por el caracol de La Realidad hay una  comunidad que se llama Agua Perla, donde corre el r\u00edo Jatat\u00e9. Entonces  ese poblado recibieron los proyectos, ahora ya llega un grupo de, como  dicen, como decimos, caxlanes, mestizos y les dicen: saben qu\u00e9, se\u00f1ores,  aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 lo que deben; esa tierra ya no es de ustedes y para que vean  que entonces no haya problema v\u00e1yanse en Esc\u00e1rcega \u2013o sea en Campeche,  creo que en Campeche queda Esc\u00e1rcega\u2013, o se van en Oaxaca \u2013donde se  est\u00e1n peleando con el gobierno de Chiapas y con el de Oaxaca, Las  Chimalapas\u2013.<\/p>\n<p>Ah\u00ed les est\u00e1n ofreciendo ir a esos habitantes partidistas, les tengo  que decir partidistas otra vez porque antes los priistas son los que  chingaban, ahora todos los partidos est\u00e1n chingando, por eso partidistas  les decimos ahorita.<\/p>\n<p>Otra comunidad en Roberto Barrios, se llama Chulum Ju\u00e1rez, y han  recibido proyectos. Lo mismo, les ofrecieron carretera y la comunidad lo  aceptaron porque es pavimentado y tan r\u00e1pido empezaron a meter, es cosa  de meses nada m\u00e1s, pero bien hecho la carretera. Ya que lleg\u00f3 la  carretera, que recibieron su domo, algo as\u00ed le llaman las l\u00e1minas, y  otras cosas, que le metieron grava en sus calles de la comunidad,  entonces ya que ya est\u00e1 puesto, ya que lleg\u00f3 la carretera, entonces  llegan y les dicen: saben qu\u00e9, se\u00f1ores, se tienen que salir porque ese  cerro que est\u00e1 ah\u00ed hay uranio ah\u00ed, y lo va a sacar el gobierno, si es  que quieren vivir entonces tienen que salir, v\u00e1yanse en Oaxaca si es que  quieren salir, o a la mala tienen que salir.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces eso es lo que prepararon hace 20 a\u00f1os, ahora lo est\u00e1n  cumpliendo. M\u00e1s con esto ahora que ya hicieron el cambio de las leyes,  para el sistema capitalista ya lo lograron, eso es lo que dicen, es lo  que dice el papel. Es lo que nosotros decimos: el papel lo dice que s\u00ed  ya est\u00e1 autorizado, pero falta que le topa a la gente, si realmente se  va a dejar la gente, y falta tambi\u00e9n que nos topan a nosotros, las, los  zapatistas.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces esas cosas que les platico, nos hacemos la pregunta, porque  es que estudiamos las historias pasadas de nosotros, decimos \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 el  capitalismo ellos s\u00ed se cambian de c\u00f3mo ir dominando m\u00e1s y tener m\u00e1s de  lo que ya tienen de por s\u00ed?, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 nosotros, los explotados y  explotadas, seguimos lo mismo?<\/p>\n<p>As\u00ed nos preguntamos eso porque los hermanos y hermanas que les  decimos, los partidistas, tambi\u00e9n diferenciamos de decir eso. Nosotros  les decimos <em>hermanos<\/em>, <em>hermanas<\/em>, a los partidistas, los que no nos hacen da\u00f1o. No vamos a decirles <em>hermanos<\/em>, <em>hermanas, <\/em>a los pinches paramilitares, \u00e9sos son unos hijos de la chingada pues.<\/p>\n<p>Eso es lo que les pasa a los hermanos partidistas. Ya cuando nosotros  salimos a la luz p\u00fablica pues como dice la compa\u00f1era Vilma, nosotros  decimos, los zapatistas, que recuperamos a la madre tierra. Es como si  fuera que nos la quitaron a nuestra mam\u00e1 y hay que ir a buscar d\u00f3nde  est\u00e1 y si la encuentras tienes que recuperarla, podemos decir muchas  formas de la palabra, el chiste es de que v\u00e9ngase, mam\u00e1, \u00bfno? No  pelearse pues.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces algo pas\u00f3 as\u00ed, que nos hab\u00edan quitado nuestra mam\u00e1 y  empezamos a organizarnos porque es lo primero. Hay que organizarse  primero y fue lo que hicimos. Nos tuvimos que organizarnos mujeres y  hombres para ir a recuperar, no hay m\u00e1s de otra forma de c\u00f3mo decir.<\/p>\n<p>Porque de ah\u00ed sale todo en la madre tierra, entonces tuvimos que  recuperar a la madre tierra y empezamos a organizarnos c\u00f3mo vamos a  trabajarla. Entonces pasando los a\u00f1os, el mal gobierno y los due\u00f1os, los  terratenientes, empiezan a decir que por culpa de nosotros, las y los  zapatistas, esas tierras, esas miles de hect\u00e1reas de tierra es  improductivo. Y nosotros los zapatistas, las zapatistas, lo aceptamos,  no es productivo para los terratenientes o el capitalismo, es productivo  para nosotros, porque ah\u00ed ya no salen los miles de cabezas de ganado  que sacaban antes los terratenientes; ah\u00ed lo que sale es miles y miles  de mazorcas de ma\u00edz, as\u00ed como \u00e9ste.<\/p>\n<p>As\u00ed de chiquitito nos empez\u00f3 a dar en la madre tierra que nos hab\u00edan  quitado los terratenientes, nos la quitaron, no es cierto que nosotros  la estamos quitando, de por s\u00ed era de nosotros, tan maltratada que la  dejaron a la madre tierra que as\u00ed de chiquititos daba los primeros  productos que empezamos a hacer. Como de por s\u00ed nuestros abuelos saben  trabajarla, poco a poco fuimos hall\u00e1ndonos nuevamente, otra vez, con  nuestra madre tierra.<\/p>\n<p>Esas tierras recuperadas las trabajamos en colectivo. Cuando decimos  de colectivo se necesita mucha pr\u00e1ctica para que descubres cosas ah\u00ed.  Por ejemplo al principio empezamos a trabajar la tierra, as\u00ed colectivos,  todos, o sea nadie hac\u00eda su pedazo de milpa, sino juntos completamente  todos. Entonces a veces viene el problema de mucha lluvia, de mucha  sequ\u00eda, o pasa tormenta, entonces empezamos a perder. Entonces los  compa\u00f1eros empiezan a decir que no, as\u00ed no, mejor nos vamos a organizar,  nos pongamos de acuerdo cu\u00e1ntos d\u00edas vamos a dar el trabajo colectivo y  cu\u00e1ntos d\u00edas vamos a trabajar lo nuestro.<\/p>\n<p>Y sobre todo son las compa\u00f1eras las que aportan la idea porque son  ellas las que siembran los condimentos de la comida, nosotros les  decimos el ceboll\u00edn, la cebolla y otros condimentos que usan las  compa\u00f1eras en la cocina, entonces como hacen colectivo entonces las  compa\u00f1eras mandaban un su hija, sus hijos, sus hijas en la milpa y se lo  traen, y si alguien comienza uno ir a traer se va todo, porque es de  todos y no hay acuerdo todav\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces se empieza a ver como un problema ah\u00ed, entonces lo que hacen  los compas es que descubren muchas cosas. Entonces otros quieren elote,  y como es colectivo la milpa si alguien agarra uno se va todo, y es  donde se viola porque no hay acuerdo todav\u00eda. Entonces lo que hacen los  compas es que nos vamos a poner de acuerdo, tantos d\u00edas vamos a hacer el  trabajo colectivo todos, y tantos d\u00edas tenemos para nosotros.<\/p>\n<p>Y el trabajo colectivo que se hace se hace a nivel pueblo, o sea  local, comunidad; se hace nivel regional, as\u00ed le decimos, regi\u00f3n es  donde ya est\u00e1n agrupados 40, 50 o 60 pueblos, a eso le decimos regi\u00f3n; y  luego se hace el trabajo colectivo a nivel municipal, cuando decimos  nivel municipal a veces junta 3, 4 o 5 regiones, ya \u00e9se es el municipio  aut\u00f3nomo rebelde zapatista. Y cuando decimos trabajo colectivo de zona  es todos los municipios que hay como lo que se dice la zona de Realidad,  o de Morelia o de Garrucha, las cinco zonas.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces ya son cientos y cientos de pueblos cuando se habla de  zonas, cuando se habla de municipios son decenas de pueblos. Entonces  as\u00ed se trabaja el trabajo colectivo, y el trabajo colectivo no es nada  m\u00e1s en la madre tierra.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f3lo les recuerdo, como hab\u00eda dicho el difunto Sup Marcos, en  aquellos tiempos cuando nos dijeron que no que decimos que somos  anticapitalistas y tomamos coca cola, no s\u00e9 si se acuerda alguien de  ac\u00e1, c\u00f3mo les dir\u00e9 eso. Es que lo que pasa es que nos idealizan, piensan  que todo lo que decimos ya. No, compa\u00f1eros y compa\u00f1eras, hermanos y  hermanas. Lo que pasa es que nosotros s\u00ed estamos organizados.<\/p>\n<p>Les voy a dar un ejemplo m\u00e1s claro. Recuerdo que una compa\u00f1era de la  ciudad estaba tan enojada que porque vio que un compa zapatista estaba  grit\u00e1ndole a su compa\u00f1era, y porque estaba bolo, est\u00e1 tomado, est\u00e1  borracho. Entonces le dec\u00edamos a la compa\u00f1era: tranquila, compa\u00f1era,  porque esa compa\u00f1era va a ir a quejarse con la autoridad, ma\u00f1ana,  pasado, ese compa va a tener que ser castigado. Lo que pasa es que  piensas que si decimos limpio, todo limpio; y si decimos negro, todo  negro. No, eso es idealizarlo. Pero s\u00ed, la compa\u00f1era se queja y ah\u00ed  viene la sanci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>El chiste es estar organizado. Porque como antes, cu\u00e1ntos hab\u00eda as\u00ed,  mujeres maltratadas, no hab\u00eda s\u00edndico, no hab\u00eda regidor, no hab\u00eda  presidente municipal que lo resuelva su problema a las compa\u00f1eras, si  era m\u00e1s peor el s\u00edndico, el regidor o el presidente municipal, entonces  c\u00f3mo lo van a resolver.<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, entonces estamos hablando del trabajo colectivo. Es que se  hace otros trabajos colectivos, por ejemplo en venta de eso que les  acabo de decir, no es porque nos gusta, porque para nosotros, las y los  zapatistas, para acabar el capitalismo es que tenemos que destruirla. Y  una manera de destruir es quitar los medios de producci\u00f3n, adue\u00f1arnos y  administrar nosotros, nosotras mismas. Entonces si vendemos las cosas,  por ejemplo aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 esto, eso es tierra, \u00bfpero eso que est\u00e1 ah\u00ed?, \u00bfeso  que est\u00e1n las flores?, \u00bfya es producido del capitalismo o no?, \u00bfesos  lentes que traen?, \u00bfy eso?, \u00bftodo lo que traen?<\/p>\n<p>Pero s\u00ed lo entendemos, pues as\u00ed de que es una manera de rasgu\u00f1ar al  capitalismo. S\u00ed de por s\u00ed vamos a bajarle una su ganancia, es cierto, es  la verdad. No es mentira, lo entendemos, pues. Es que nos acordamos  porque es que nosotros nos comunicamos todos, es que es una cosa decir y  otra hacer. Por ejemplo, recuerdo muchas ONGs ac\u00e1 dec\u00edan <em>no vamos a permitir<\/em>, cuando entr\u00f3 el Chedrahui aqu\u00ed, y que <em>no vamos a comprarles. <\/em>No pas\u00f3 ni dos semanas. Entonces es que es una cosa decir y es otra cosa hacer.<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, aqu\u00ed les voy a empezar a mencionar cosas que empezamos a  descubrir en lo que es el trabajo colectivo, y que son varias cosas,  trabajos, no nada m\u00e1s en la madre tierra. Empezamos a ver sobre de la  resistencia, empezamos a descubrir.<\/p>\n<p>Empezamos la resistencia, es que nuestros compa\u00f1eros y compa\u00f1eras de  nuestros pueblos, les quiero decir c\u00f3mo naci\u00f3 la idea de la resistencia.  Pues es que en esos tiempos del alzamiento el gobierno, el mal  gobierno, empez\u00f3 a usar, a utilizar, no s\u00e9 c\u00f3mo se dice, para que sean  ellos el esp\u00eda, la oreja, o sea para escuchar qu\u00e9 hacen, c\u00f3mo se mueven  los zapatistas. Entonces los compa\u00f1eros y las compa\u00f1eras se dieron  cuenta que son esp\u00edas, orejas, los maestros y maestras, los corren.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces ah\u00ed empieza el problema, ahora ya no hay maestro y maestra.  Bueno, tuvimos que inventar, tuvimos que imaginar, tuvimos que crear.  Entonces, como les digo que el gobierno empez\u00f3 a mostrar que va a dar  muchos proyectos, entonces nosotros como que da envidia pues, porque  empezamos a entender luego luego de que s\u00ed les est\u00e1n dando lo que les  est\u00e1n dando porque no quiere el gobierno que sea zapatista, entonces por  nosotros mismos les est\u00e1n dando. Ah, bueno, dec\u00edamos.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces es ah\u00ed donde las compa\u00f1eras empiezan a decir <em>no<\/em>,  porque murieron compa\u00f1eros insurgentes, milicianos, en el 94. Esas  compa\u00f1eras son las que empezaron a decir: si nosotros armados fuimos y  murieron nuestros compa\u00f1eros ah\u00ed, por qu\u00e9 nosotros vamos a recibir aqu\u00ed  lo que es sobrante, lo que es limosna, lo que es migaja que da el mal  gobierno, porque lo que quiere es que nos quiere comprar como lo est\u00e1  comprando los que no son zapatistas para que no entren de zapatistas.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces esa idea empez\u00f3 a producirse y a reproducirse, de que  entonces es lo mismo como si fuera combate al no recibir \u2013as\u00ed  empezamos\u2013, al no recibir nada del mal gobierno. Ya despu\u00e9s empezamos a  descubrir que no es nada m\u00e1s no recibir. Les explico nada m\u00e1s eso porque  ah\u00ed es donde vimos que les estaban dando muchos proyectos a los  partidistas, y ah\u00ed donde nosotros y nosotras empezamos a decir que  tenemos que trabajar a la madre tierra. Y cuando empezamos a decir as\u00ed,  los compa\u00f1eros y las compa\u00f1eras dice: s\u00ed, de por s\u00ed, porque cuando  estaban vivos nuestros bisabuelos y tatarabuelos, \u00bfa poco les daba  frijol, arroz, aceite, leche, a nuestros bisabuelos? No, es al  contrario, todo su fuerza de trabajo de nuestros bisabuelos se va para  el patr\u00f3n, nada. \u00bfY entonces por qu\u00e9 ahora el gobierno te va a dar tu  kilo de minsa, maseca, frijol? Adem\u00e1s que es transg\u00e9nico, como se dice,  qu\u00edmico que ni siquiera es leche de verdad.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces es ah\u00ed donde se dijo que s\u00ed tenemos que trabajar a la madre  tierra, entonces conforme fuimos d\u00e1ndole fuerza a esa resistencia,  entonces los que lo entendimos pronto, r\u00e1pido, tienen frijol, tienen  ma\u00edz, tienen caf\u00e9, tienen puercos, guajolotes, animales, los compas. Y  entonces los que son partidistas, cuando reciben la l\u00e1mina, el cemento,  la varilla, esas cosas, como no trabajan la tierra y s\u00ed tienen los  compas y necesitan su carretilla, su l\u00e1mina, caen. Son los compas los  que los compran porque s\u00ed tienen ellos porque trabajan la tierra.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces cuando se dieron cuenta, los compas, es el asunto que  empezamos a detectar nosotros, es que son puro pr\u00e1ctico los ind\u00edgenas,  nosotros. Si lo vemos que s\u00ed funciona es que decimos ac\u00e1, ya se ching\u00f3  la cosa, es que vamos a hacerlo todos as\u00ed porque es que lo vimos todos  que s\u00ed funciona, entonces con m\u00e1s ganas empiezan los compas a trabajar  la tierra.<\/p>\n<p>Y es as\u00ed como el gobierno entonces empieza a decir que s\u00ed est\u00e1 dando  mucho proyecto, miran la l\u00e1mina, los rojos, porque son puros rojos la  l\u00e1mina, y s\u00ed, los compas tambi\u00e9n lo ponen arriba, el cielo como dicen,  lo rojo. Y el gobierno dice que ah\u00ed est\u00e1, \u00e9sos son de proyecto, y no es  cierto, son casas de los compas que compraron la l\u00e1mina. Y el gobierno  se dio cuenta, ahora los tuvo que controlar, obligatoriamente que s\u00ed  tienen que ver que s\u00ed lo construyan su casa, y as\u00ed hicieron tambi\u00e9n los  partidistas, porque los partidistas tambi\u00e9n dan proyectos de casa, y los  obligan que s\u00ed tienen que ver que lo est\u00e1n construyendo porque si no  van a ser de los zapatistas, dicen pues.<\/p>\n<p>A nosotros, en las comunidades zapatistas, de otras formas de c\u00f3mo lo  vemos c\u00f3mo est\u00e1n los hermanos partidistas, la verdad, compa\u00f1eros y  compa\u00f1eras, hermanos y hermanas, da tristeza c\u00f3mo viven, da amargura de  c\u00f3mo est\u00e1n, porque muchos de sus j\u00f3venes y j\u00f3venas que los conocimos ya  no est\u00e1n, se fueron pues con el sue\u00f1o americano a buscar el dinero  verde, el d\u00f3lar. Y muchos ya no regresaron, y algunos que han regresado  ya est\u00e1n en pu\u00f1o de ceniza, y los que s\u00ed regresaron ya vinieron mal  porque son drogadictos, fuman marihuana. Y los que no fuman marihuana ya  vienen cambiado su cultura, dicen que ya no quieren tomar el pozol, que  ya no lo conocen, es peor todav\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p>As\u00ed viene de regreso ya el hijo o la hija, y llega en su casa con su  pap\u00e1, su mam\u00e1, y est\u00e1 igual su pap\u00e1, su mam\u00e1, porque ya el gobierno lo  tiene acostumbrado con los brazos as\u00ed, abrazados, ya los tiene  programado en su cabeza cada cu\u00e1ndo va a recibir el oportunidades, creo  que prospera le dicen ahorita. O sea los hermanos partidistas los  hicieron digamos in\u00fatil, porque ya no lo trabajan la tierra. Entonces  creo que lo dicen la palabra <em>sumiso, <\/em>creo que le dicen as\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Por lo menos en la \u00e9poca de la esclavitud ah\u00ed s\u00ed te das cuenta qui\u00e9n  es tu patr\u00f3n que te est\u00e1 esclavizando, pero en este caso no, porque es  que te ama\u00f1a, te acostumbra, te programa en tu chip, o sea en tu cabeza,  tu cerebro pues. Entonces ya no entiendes y adem\u00e1s no lo ves c\u00f3mo es su  cara el Pe\u00f1a Nieto, ni el Velasco, ni el otro; otros pues que te van a  ir a enga\u00f1ar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 hacen eso? Porque es la otra cara de la forma de c\u00f3mo lograr  lo que quieren lograr, o sea la madre tierra para sacar la riqueza. No  es nada m\u00e1s una sola forma de c\u00f3mo nos quieren ganar a la fuerza a la  madre tierra, lo que no quieren es que llegue a matar el ej\u00e9rcito y la  polic\u00eda, pero va a llegar su d\u00eda cuando topa al pueblo que no va a  permitir. Por ahora lo que hace eso de que te da los proyectos, te  acostumbra y te programa para que te acostumbras de no trabajar la  tierra, de ah\u00ed te acostumbras, y peor si ya tienes ah\u00ed el papel de la  tierra, o sea la escritura, lo vendes.<\/p>\n<p>Con tal de que gane la tierra eso es lo que les est\u00e1 pasando a los  hermanos partidistas. Eso es lo que est\u00e1 queriendo lograr el  capitalismo, de lo que hay con la madre tierra.<\/p>\n<p>Cuando les decimos que en las comunidades partidistas que est\u00e1 muy  triste c\u00f3mo se ve, les voy a dar el ejemplo, y ojal\u00e1 de que est\u00e1n aqu\u00ed  esos hermanos y hermanas para que vean ah\u00ed eso, lo confirman lo que  decimos. Hay una comunidad all\u00e1 por la zona de La Realidad, creo que se  llama Miguel Hidalgo, cerca con el pueblo Nuevo Mom\u00f3n. Ah\u00ed esos  hermanos, eran, porque hace pocos meses eran de la CIOAC-Hist\u00f3rica,  ellos estaban de acuerdo lo que pas\u00f3 de nuestro compa\u00f1ero maestro  Galeano. Semanas despu\u00e9s de lo que hicieron del compa maestro Galeano,  les pasa a esos hermanos, ex cioaquistas ahorita, porque ya no quieren  ser CIOAC y eran CIOAC, eran ellos mismos, por diferencias pol\u00edticas  partidistas, por diferencias pol\u00edticas ideol\u00f3gicas en los proyectos, y  entonces a esos hermanos lo que pensaron es que mejor nos vamos a  hacernos a un lado porque no vamos a matarnos. Entonces se van a una  tierra que es recuperada en 94, ah\u00ed se fueron a refugiarse esos hermanos  cuando los sacaron violentamente de su comunidad.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces ya no hay respeto de eso, los l\u00edderes de las organizaciones  sociales tienen que ver mucho en eso, porque se dejan, se venden, y  tambi\u00e9n as\u00ed hombres y mujeres de esa organizaci\u00f3n pues hace falta que se  organiza.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso decimos que es un desastre as\u00ed como est\u00e1. Ahora esos  comunidades partidistas de como los tiene hallado el gobierno, eso lo  que les voy a platicar tiene m\u00e1s o menos como un mes o mes y medio, ya  ven que el gobierno dijo que lo va a tener que recortar el proyecto  social, y ya en las comunidades dan becas aunque no saben leer y  escribir los alumnos, cada alumno les daban mil o mil doscientos pesos a  cada alumno, alumna. Entonces los padres, los que tienen cuatro hijos  en la escuela entonces ya tienen sus cinco mil pesos, entonces ya  estaban acostumbrados los pap\u00e1s y mam\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p>Hace m\u00e1s o menos como un mes o mes y medio, los que tienen cuatro  hijos en la escuela y que reciben su beca ahora les est\u00e1n dando 800  pesos por los cuatro, entonces dicen <em>ya nos chingaron. <\/em>Pues s\u00ed,  ya los chingaron, hermanos. \u00bfQu\u00e9 les vamos a decir? Y luego, porque ese  es el modo de los ind\u00edgenas, es como si fuera celular pues, ah\u00ed r\u00e1pido  se comunican; si alguien est\u00e1 perdido r\u00e1pido la comunidad est\u00e1 enterado  que est\u00e1 perdido alguien; si alguien est\u00e1 enfermo r\u00e1pido la comunidad se  entera luego luego. Es como un tel\u00e9fono que se avisa as\u00ed luego luego  pues.<\/p>\n<p>Bueno, nosotros, con los compas de los pueblos, con las bases,  hacemos reuni\u00f3n donde explicamos de que viene cabr\u00f3n la situaci\u00f3n y no  nom\u00e1s as\u00ed para nosotros los ind\u00edgenas, sino en todo M\u00e9xico, campo y  ciudad, y no s\u00f3lo M\u00e9xico. Entonces lo que pasa es que nosotros los  zapatistas hay familiares que no son zapatistas, hay unos que son  buenos, buenas, la familia; hay unos que son que no quieren nada con  nosotros pues. Entonces son ellos los que se platican, las bases pues,  cuando se conocen qui\u00e9nes son los que s\u00ed entienden, no est\u00e1n en contra,  entonces les platican de la situaci\u00f3n. Entonces se empieza a correr la  voz de que viene cabr\u00f3n la situaci\u00f3n, entonces ya ellos empiezan a  contar tambi\u00e9n que s\u00ed, que ya lleg\u00f3 la licenciada fulana, ya lleg\u00f3 el  licenciado fulano, ya nos entregaron la factura. Es ah\u00ed donde se empieza  a salir la informaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Esa es la parte que est\u00e1bamos leyendo ayer, que nos est\u00e1n preguntando  a nosotros que qu\u00e9 pueden hacer ellos, ellas. Y lo que les decimos es:  organ\u00edcense, hermanos.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPero qu\u00e9 vamos a hacer ah\u00ed en la organizaci\u00f3n? Pi\u00e9nsenlo.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPero c\u00f3mo le vamos a hacer para pensar? C\u00f3mo vives, y as\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Y otra de las cosas que vemos ah\u00ed en la vida de los partidistas es  que los ni\u00f1os, las ni\u00f1as, no tienen nada de culpa de c\u00f3mo est\u00e1n. Aparte  de que el gobierno mal orienta, los ni\u00f1os, igual est\u00e1n abandonados,  abandonadas. \u00bfQui\u00e9n sabe qu\u00e9 es lo que va a pasar ah\u00ed con ellos? O ya se  despertar\u00e1n cuando se dan cuenta lo que va a pasar, pero para eso  pensamos que van a tener que pasar muchas cosas. Van a ser rateros,  bandidos, robalones de ma\u00edz, de frijol, de todo, porque as\u00ed est\u00e1n, peor  que son drogadictos. Hay comunidades que s\u00ed realmente son as\u00ed fumalones  de marihuana, de veras, no les miento. Por eso les digo que ah\u00ed los  ni\u00f1os, ah\u00ed las ni\u00f1as ya est\u00e1n como si fueran un pollo abandonado.<\/p>\n<p>Esto lo que les platicamos es as\u00ed como vivimos nosotros, nosotras.  Ustedes saben c\u00f3mo viven en donde viven, lo \u00fanico que nosotros decimos  es que se necesita pasar ya a la pr\u00e1ctica de lo que ideamos, porque si  no vamos a estar dice, y dice, y dice. Puede ser eso un mal ejemplo como  les voy a decir, de los creyentes, ya se hizo (inaudible) de la mano,  de la biblia, como le dicen, por estar tanto lee y lee y lee, y se  muri\u00f3, y dice justicia, dice libertad, ya no a la injusticia, pero s\u00f3lo  es decir; y los pol\u00edticos tambi\u00e9n as\u00ed ha pasado.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces no les estamos diciendo, compa\u00f1eros, compa\u00f1eras, hermanos,  hermanas, no les estamos diciendo de que lev\u00e1ntense en armas, ni les  estamos diciendo de que t\u00f3menlo ese ejemplo o c\u00f3pialo. No. Veamos cada  qui\u00e9n nuestro terreno, qu\u00e9 cosa es lo que podemos hacer ah\u00ed, pero ya se  necesita que tenemos que poner en la pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p>\n<p>Es como por ejemplo cuando decimos esa frase que decimos, que lo que  queremos construir es siglos y por los siglos y para siempre, entonces  decimos, \u00bfc\u00f3mo vamos a hacer esto? Si las y los luchadores, viejos  zapatistas no lo preparan a sus hijos, a sus hijas, o sea la nueva  generaci\u00f3n, los que tienen 19 o 20 a\u00f1os ahorita, de aqu\u00ed a 50, 60 a\u00f1os,  regresa su nieto el general Absal\u00f3n Castellanos Dom\u00ednguez, el ex  general, el ex gobernador de Chiapas, regresa y \u00e9se es el que va mandar  otra vez en las comunidades si es que no se prepara esa generaci\u00f3n. Y  as\u00ed tiene que preparar \u00e9sa a otra generaci\u00f3n, y as\u00ed para que entonces  dure ese que decimos siglos y por los siglos y para siempre, si no, no.<\/p>\n<p>Una de las bases de lo que es nuestra resistencia econ\u00f3mica,  nosotros, nosotras las zapatistas, es la madre tierra. No tenemos esas  casas que da el mal gobierno, bloques y todo eso, pero s\u00ed tenemos salud,  tenemos educaci\u00f3n, estamos en eso que son los pueblos los que mandan y  los gobiernos obedecen.<\/p>\n<p>Cuando quedo as\u00ed pensando lo que les quiero decir es que es una cosa  de c\u00f3mo estamos de la econom\u00eda y es otra cosa de c\u00f3mo estamos  gobernando. Me cuesta mucho c\u00f3mo explicarles eso porque la forma de c\u00f3mo  hacen los compas no es una sola forma de c\u00f3mo lo hacen.<\/p>\n<p>Ejemplo: algunos colectivos de los compas cuando es tiempo de las  ventas, ya sea ma\u00edz, ya sea frijol, ya sea ganado, lo que hacen los  compas es que se organizan como colectivo y entonces digamos as\u00ed que se  pasan como tipo coyote, para competir con el coyote. Por ejemplo si yo  soy zapatista y el compa es el comprador del caf\u00e9, del ganado, del ma\u00edz,  entonces \u00e9l va a dar, creo que ahorita estuvo a 23 pesos el kilo de  caf\u00e9, entonces yo como zapatista investigo cu\u00e1nto es lo que se compra  donde compra el coyote, si all\u00e1 se vende a 40 pesos y aqu\u00ed el coyote es  el que paga 23 entonces cu\u00e1nto est\u00e1 ganando. Lo que hago yo ah\u00ed es la  cuenta de cu\u00e1nto voy a gastar en el transporte y cu\u00e1nto puedo subir yo,  si \u00e9l est\u00e1 pagando a 23 pesos el kilo entonces yo tengo que pagar a 24. Y  entonces as\u00ed vienen los compas zapatistas y hasta los partidistas,  entonces el coyote ya no tiene su cliente. Entonces cuando el coyote  escucha que yo estoy pagando 24 pesos y \u00e9l 23, vuelve a competir  conmigo, paga a 24 pesos. Entonces lo que el zapatista hace es que hace  su cuenta otra vez, todav\u00eda puede, ahora pago a 25 pesos el kilo. Es  competencia como de tipo coyote a coyote, \u00bfme entienden? \u00c9sa es la  lucha.<\/p>\n<p>Al mismo tiempo es donde dicen los partidistas: ya ven c\u00f3mo los  zapatistas pagan m\u00e1s caro \u2013dicen\u2013 por un peso. Es que as\u00ed es, \u00e9sa es la  vida en las comunidades. Por eso les digo que no es una sola forma de  c\u00f3mo se hace, se busca. Y eso tiene que ver tambi\u00e9n de la econom\u00eda en el  ser autoridad aut\u00f3noma.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo, en la autonom\u00eda todo iba bien de la salud, todo iba bien  de la educaci\u00f3n, todo iba bien de la agroecolog\u00eda, o de las tres \u00e1reas,  como dicen los compas, que es hueseras, parteras y plantas medicinales;  pero cuando hab\u00eda proyectos o cuando hab\u00eda donativos de nuestros  compa\u00f1eros y compa\u00f1eras solidarios y solidarias, cuando baj\u00f3 ese  donativo o ese proyecto de las ONGs entonces empez\u00f3 a bajar la  organizaci\u00f3n de lo que es la construcci\u00f3n de la autonom\u00eda, o sea de la  educaci\u00f3n y la salud.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces nos dimos cuenta ah\u00ed otra vez que fallamos, porque entonces  por decir as\u00ed, que s\u00f3lo nos gust\u00f3 gastar nada m\u00e1s, porque no es nuestro  sudor, como dicen los compas. Porque cuando uno es su sudor s\u00ed lo va a  cuidar bien, no como quiera los gasta. Entonces es como nos dimos cuenta  ah\u00ed que no est\u00e1 bien como estamos, tenemos que corregirlo.<\/p>\n<p>A la hora de que empezamos a tratar de corregir es ah\u00ed donde vino  otro problema. Muchas de las cosas de lo que vamos haciendo, de c\u00f3mo  vamos a ir organiz\u00e1ndonos, no se crean que porque tenemos buena  imaginaci\u00f3n, porque somos s\u00faper no s\u00e9 qu\u00e9 cosa. No, compa\u00f1eros,  compa\u00f1eras, hermanos, hermanas. Vamos inventando, vamos creando.  Conforme a los problemas ah\u00ed vamos a ir resolviendo, lo que pasa es que  no nos dejamos. Es eso, no dejamos abandonado, tenemos que resolver ese  problema y la ventaja es que somos ya nosotros que vamos a resolverlo,  ya no dependemos de ninguna instancia del gobierno. Si vamos mal es que  estamos mal todos. Si vamos bien es que estamos bien todos.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces les estaba diciendo que en el proyecto, en los donativos, y  que entonces tenemos que corregirnos, y cuando encontramos la forma de  c\u00f3mo vamos a corregirnos entonces ya all\u00ed no les gust\u00f3 los que buscan el  proyecto. Porque dijimos: vamos a tener que reproducir, no es nada m\u00e1s  gastar, entonces tenemos que pensar qu\u00e9 cosa es lo que vamos a  reproducir para que entonces un d\u00eda que ya no hay proyecto, un d\u00eda que  ya no hay donativo de nuestros hermanos y hermanas, compa\u00f1eras y  compa\u00f1eros solidarios, entonces s\u00ed sabemos resistir como antes.<\/p>\n<p>Ah\u00ed ese error, esa falla que tuvimos en lo econ\u00f3mico nos hizo  recordar los tiempos pasados en la clandestinidad, porque ah\u00ed pudimos  construir cl\u00ednicas en la clandestinidad, y no sab\u00edamos de que \u00edbamos a  ver compa\u00f1eros y compa\u00f1eras del continente asi\u00e1tico, los cinco  continentes pues, nunca so\u00f1\u00e1bamos y sin embargo s\u00ed lo pudimos hacer. No  era de solidaridad, es del sudor. Entonces empezamos a decir a los  compa\u00f1eros eso, entonces se recupera y empezamos a trabajar, as\u00ed estamos  ahora.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso decimos que estamos reeduc\u00e1ndonos, reorganiz\u00e1ndonos con esto  de la tormenta que viene. Realmente, compa\u00f1eros y compa\u00f1eras, muchas  cosas podemos decirlo. No es as\u00ed tan f\u00e1cil las cosas, nada m\u00e1s para que  se den cuenta, el chiste es no nos dejemos.<\/p>\n<p>El trabajo colectivo, esto que les voy a platicar es cosa de hace dos  o tres meses, porque es que estamos reorganiz\u00e1ndonos como estamos  diciendo, reeduc\u00e1ndonos, entonces tenemos que darle duro al trabajo  colectivo para que tengamos c\u00f3mo nos vamos a tener que mover, o c\u00f3mo  vamos a luchar.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces resulta que a la hora que est\u00e1n haciendo asambleas los  compas, pueblos, regiones, municipios y zonas, un compa zapatista dice,  compa\u00f1eros, compa\u00f1eras, yo no voy a entrar en el trabajo colectivo  porque no encuentro nada ah\u00ed, porque no sale ah\u00ed para mi sal, para mi  jab\u00f3n, pero no es porque no voy a seguir en la lucha, yo voy a seguir  siendo zapatista, y si es que entonces hay que cooperar por la lucha yo  estoy de acuerdo.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces los compas dicen, compa est\u00e1s mal como est\u00e1s diciendo,  tienes que recordar lo que eres, eres zapatista, porque aqu\u00ed no estamos  discutiendo nada m\u00e1s el trabajo colectivo, aqu\u00ed estamos discutiendo ser  zapatista. El zapatista tiene que enfrentar todo. Entonces si t\u00fa dices  que no quieres ir a trabajar en el colectivo porque nos lleva cuatro,  tres, cinco d\u00edas, entonces te va a tocar ser municipio aut\u00f3nomo rebelde  zapatista, y son tres a\u00f1os que tienes que dar ese servicio, y s\u00f3lo tres,  cuatro d\u00edas de que tenemos que ir a hacer el trabajo colectivo.  Pi\u00e9nsalo lo que est\u00e1s diciendo.<\/p>\n<p>Y est\u00e1n en asamblea as\u00ed como estamos en esto, entonces se para el  hijo del compa, y el hijo del compa dice: de por s\u00ed es su ma\u00f1a \u00e9se mi  pap\u00e1 \u2013y dice\u2013, mi pap\u00e1 me dice \u2013porque el compa es promotor de salud\u00ad,  mi pap\u00e1 me dice que s\u00f3lo es de nombre que tengo promotor de salud que no  s\u00e9 ni siquiera dar una aspirina. Eso es lo que me dice porque lo que  quiere es que yo deje mi cargo de ser promotor de salud y que yo salga a  estudiar \u2013o sea afuera de la escuela aut\u00f3noma, que se vaya no s\u00e9 a  d\u00f3nde el compa\u00ad\u00ad\u2013. Entonces dice el compa promotor: y cada vez que se  enferma mi pap\u00e1 viene a pedirme pastilla.<\/p>\n<p>Les cuento eso, compas, para que vean eso que el chiste es no te  dejas, el chiste es que no s\u00f3lo nom\u00e1s digas. Enfr\u00e9ntalo, hazlo, b\u00fascalo,  inv\u00e9ntalo, cr\u00e9alo. Es eso.<\/p>\n<p>Porque tambi\u00e9n a lo mejor tambi\u00e9n por ah\u00ed se imaginan a la hora que  decimos que s\u00ed trabajamos a la madre tierra, y por ah\u00ed lo han visto, por  ah\u00ed lo hayan llevado sus guardianes, sus guardianas, \u00bfentonces no que  trabajan la tierra los zapatistas?, \u00bfno que no se migran los zapatistas?  Nada m\u00e1s t\u00f3menlo en cuenta eso que les digo del compa base de apoyo,  eso que dice que no quiere hacer trabajo colectivo, de ah\u00ed generan los  problemas. Uno mismo se auto sale, o se auto expulsa, porque ac\u00e1 el ser  zapatista es que tienes que enfrentarlo todo y hay algunos donde ya no, y  es as\u00ed donde se van. Pues esos, los que se van, es que de plano ya no  quieren estar haciendo la lucha, o sea ya nos abandon\u00f3 la organizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso nosotros, de lo poco que trabajamos econ\u00f3micamente, nosotros  no pagamos luz, agua, tenencia de la tierra, nada. Pero nada recibimos  tambi\u00e9n del sistema. Y nosotros, como ya se dijo, es nada m\u00e1s para  confirmar aqu\u00ed con nuestro trabajo colectivo, zona, regi\u00f3n, municipios o  pueblos, es que nos vamos en nuestra mirada si es que tenemos que hacer  movilizaci\u00f3n para apoyar a otros hermanos, hermanas, compa\u00f1eros,  compa\u00f1eras, mas no para exigir al gobierno que cumpla su promesa, no  hacemos gastos para eso.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces entre lo que vamos a ir platicando m\u00e1s, el chiste de c\u00f3mo  estamos, de lo que queremos hacer y lo que pensamos hacer, es que ya son  los compas, los pueblos, son los que se autorizan, son los que mandan,  son los que deciden. No dependemos del gobierno. Y esa nuestra forma de  ser as\u00ed vamos a seguir as\u00ed trabajando, luchando, y moriremos as\u00ed si es  necesario, por defender en lo que estamos ahora.<!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p>Before  the Zapatista Army for National Liberation was created, we indigenous  from Chiapas didn\u2019t exist for the capitalist system; we weren\u2019t people  to it; we weren\u2019t human. We didn\u2019t even exist as trash for it. And we  imagine that\u2019s how it was for the other indigenous brothers and sisters  in the rest of our country. And that\u2019s how we imagine it is in any  country where indigenous people exist.<\/p>\n<p>Where  we live, that is, in the mountainous regions, in the hills, they had it  designated as a reserve. They didn\u2019t know that indigenous people lived  there, in what they call the <em>Montes Azules Biosphere<\/em>.  So nobody counted how many little boys and girls were born there. That  is, capitalism didn\u2019t know anything about us; nobody was counting us  because we didn\u2019t exist for them.<\/p>\n<p>So  then how did we survive there? Well, with Mother Earth. Mother Earth is  what gave us life even though there wasn\u2019t any government, any  governors or mayors taking us into account. We were forgotten. They only  thing thought to be of importance there were the very good lands  surrounding our communities, and so there were a few men (with their  wives of course) living there, the land owners, the <em>finqueros<\/em>, or the owners of large estates.<\/p>\n<p>They  are the ones who had thousands of hectares of good land, good water,  good rivers. That\u2019s why they expelled us from that area; they pushed us  into the mountains because for them, those hills were useless\u2014they  didn\u2019t provide anything for them, so that\u2019s where they left us.<\/p>\n<p>Why  do they need thousands and thousands of hectares of good land for  themselves? It\u2019s so that they can have thousands and thousands of heads  of livestock, cows. How was it that they were able to stay there for  such a long time? Because they had great gunmen, who we call the <em>guardias blancas<\/em> [white guards], who kept us from coming onto their lands, onto the lands that they said were theirs.<\/p>\n<p>So  then, what economy in the communities could we talk then if we were  forgotten? The only thing these plantations did was exploit our  grandparents and great-grandparents. What happened with us was that we  had to become inventive; we had to imagine how we had to live, survive  on our Mother Earth, resisting all of the evil that the landowners and  estate owners sent our way.<\/p>\n<p>No  one knew about highways, no one knew that there were things called  clinics and hospitals, much less schools, or classrooms for education.  There were never any health campaigns, programs, grants, nothing. We  were forgotten.<\/p>\n<p>So then, like we\u2019re saying\u2014because I speak for all of the brothers and sisters, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> who are organized today, I don\u2019t speak just for myself\u2014in these last 20  years, we now see the capitalist economy inside the communities because  now those above have started to take an interest in the communities.  Not so much an interest in the communities themselves, but an interest  in where they live, where we live\u2014well and where we once lived because  there are brothers and sisters, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> who have died.<\/p>\n<p>First  it wasn\u2019t enough that they had the best lands, which had already served  them for many years. Now they started taking an interest in the hills,  in the mountains; this is another commodity for them, as it\u2019s been said  many times over here\u2014it is nature\u2019s wealth. So then they started to  organize themselves so they could evict us from the very place they had  pushed us into, the very place they had ordered us into. Now they want  to push us out of there. That is, they want to dispossess and evict us  because now they want that wealth.<\/p>\n<p>The  wealth that exists there, well, we together with our  great-great-grandparents, as we say, have taken good care of it. And  that\u2019s what they want to take, to extract\u2014that capitalist who, in only a  few years, will destroy what it took Mother Earth billions of years to  make.<\/p>\n<p>How  is that? Well, just remember the trick of the capitalist system, the  trap that it set when they changed Article 27 so that the <em>ejidos<\/em> could be privatized. Because what they\u2019re trying to do now is make Mother Earth sellable and rentable.<\/p>\n<p>I will have to invite you to use a little imagination, because we\u2019re talking about 20 years ago\u2014when we came out publicly.<\/p>\n<p>When  the government saw all of this, then it did start coming to these  areas, disguising itself in many different ways. One way is for the bad  government to go around saying that it is fulfilling our demands by  building highways. But that\u2019s not why they\u2019re building them\u2014it\u2019s because  of the change of Article 27 that allowed the privatization of the <em>ejidos<\/em>.  So the government takes advantage of the situation in two ways: it saw  that we rose up and now it acts like it\u2019s fulfilling our demands by  putting in highways and funding projects. But then, while they say that  with these projects they are contributing one or two million pesos, when  this sum is divided into a hundred, two hundred, three hundred  projects, what\u2019s left for each is a pittance, and even then it doesn\u2019t  go to the communities\u2014it just goes back into the pockets of the various  levels of government. But they declare it success anyway; this is what  they tell us.<\/p>\n<p>If you only knew how the <em>compas<\/em> and the brothers and sisters talk about these projects. They say there are projects called \u201c<em>pececito,<\/em>\u201d<a name=\"sdendnote1anc\" href=\"#sdendnote1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup><\/a> whatever that means. That\u2019s why I\u2019m saying they take a little money and make a bunch of projects.<\/p>\n<p>Also,  a few schools and clinics have now started popping up. There are  students who don\u2019t even know how to read but they\u2019ve been awarded  scholarships. And they say that if you provide your new popular health  insurance identification card in the clinics, they will take good care  of you. But when you actually visit the clinic they say that there are  no doctors available; and if there is a doctor available, then they say  that they don\u2019t have any medicine; and if there is a doctor available  and if they do have medicine, then its expired medicine. But because we  can\u2019t read, the doctor gives it to you anyway but it doesn\u2019t cure  whatever you have. The point is just to make it look as if they\u2019re  giving you your medication; you don\u2019t even know if it\u2019s the medicine you  need for your illness.<\/p>\n<p>So  just like I\u2019m describing to you, new projects like this started popping  up over the years. Since the bad government has implemented these  projects that distribute a little money, what has happened is that they  are used to help the government control those who would become  Zapatistas. I think they call it a counter-insurgency campaign, or a  low-intensity war, I don\u2019t know what they call it but it\u2019s to control  you so that you no longer struggle, like \u201cHere you go, now we\u2019re  fulfilling your demands. And if you\u2019re even thinking about joining the  Zapatistas, just take a look at my military, they are much better  prepared, and all you\u2019re doing is sending yourself to your death.\u201d So  this is all a campaign to control them.<\/p>\n<p>I tell you this because those communities that allowed their <em>ejidos <\/em>to  be privatized\u2014because there were some that did allow it\u2014now are like  the cities with vagabonds walking around, homeless, drug addicted to  [paint] thinner and those kinds of things. Now it\u2019s the same in those  communities because they sold off their land, received the property  deeds as if they were ranch owners\u2014in their case, small ranch owners,  petty proprietors\u2014and once they own it they then go and sell it off and  now they are left out on the streets. Now they don\u2019t have anywhere to  cultivate their maize, their beans.<\/p>\n<p>Others,  those who have received a project of some kind, are now having to pay  back interest according to what capitalism dictates. Just to give a few  examples, over by the <em>Caracol<\/em> of La Realidad, there is a community named Agua Perla, where the Jatat\u00e9  River runs. That community received these government projects and now  there\u2019s a group of <em>caxlanes<\/em> [non-indigenous people] or <em>mestizos<\/em> that arrives telling them: you know what gentlemen, this is what you  owe. This land is no longer yours and just so that we don\u2019t have any  problems, why don\u2019t you move on over to Escarcega\u2014that is, to Campeche, I  think that Escarcega is in Campeche\u2014or why don\u2019t you move to  Oaxaca\u2014where there\u2019s fighting with the Chiapas government and the Oaxaca  government, Las Chimalapas.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s where they\u2019re asking those inhabitants who are <em>partidistas<\/em> [party members or followers] to go. I have to call them <em>partidistas<\/em> because before, it was just the PRI followers, the <em>PRIistas<\/em> who were fucking with us, and now all of the political parties are, so that\u2019s why we now call them <em>partidistas<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Another  community in Roberto Barrios, named Chulum Juarez, has also received  projects. It\u2019s the same thing: they offered to build them a highway, and  the community accepted it because it would be paved and they started  building it really quickly. It only took a few months to build but it  was really well made. Now that there\u2019s a highway, now that they\u2019ve  received their <em>domo<\/em> (that\u2019s what they call corrugated tin roofing and other things), now  that they\u2019ve put down gravel on the community\u2019s roads, now that all that  is in place, with the highway in place, now they come and they tell  them, \u201cYou know what gentlemen, you\u2019re going to have to leave because  there is uranium in this hill and the government is going to extract it.  So if you want to live then you will need to leave. Go to Oaxaca if you  want, and if you don\u2019t leave on your own, you will be forced to do so.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So  that\u2019s what they began preparing to do 20 years ago, and now they\u2019re  carrying it out. And even more so now that they have changed laws for  the capitalist system, it\u2019s a done deal, it\u2019s on paper. So what we say  to that is, \u201cIt\u2019s down on paper that this is all authorized, but what  remains to be seen is when it runs up against the people, if they will  stand for it, and it also remains to be seen if when it runs up against  us, the Zapatistas, if we will stand for it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So  in light of all these things I am telling you about, the question for  us\u2014because we study our own history\u2014is: why do they, under capitalism,  change the way that they dominate us in order to keep getting more than  what they already have? Why do we, the exploited, continue on the same?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s what we ask ourselves, because with the <em>partidista<\/em> brothers and sisters\u2014this is how we refer to them, because we also make a distinction between <em>partidistas<\/em> who do not harm us, who we call \u2018brothers\u2019 and \u2018sisters.\u2019 But we\u2019re not  going to call the fucking paramilitaries \u2018brothers and sisters\u2019\u2014those  guys, well, those guys are real sons of bitches.<\/p>\n<p>Anyway, this is what happens with the <em>partidista<\/em> brothers and sisters. Once we came into the public eye, like the <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em> Vilma says, we Zapatistas recovered our Mother Earth. It\u2019s as if they  had taken our mother away from us and we had to go find where she was,  and once you find her you have to get her back. We can say this in a lot  of different ways, but the point is to get her back, not fight amongst  ourselves.<\/p>\n<p>Something  like that happened; they had taken our mother away from us so we began  to organize ourselves, because that is the first thing. You have to  organize first and that\u2019s what we did. We had to organize ourselves as  women and men to go get her back. There isn\u2019t another way to say it.<\/p>\n<p>Everything  arises from Mother Earth so we had to go recuperate her, and so we  began to organize ourselves to see how we would work Mother Earth. As  the years passed, the bad government and the bosses, the landowners,  started to say that because of us, the Zapatistas, those lands, those  thousands of hectares were now unproductive. And we Zapatistas accept  this\u2014they are not productive for the landowners or for capitalism; they  are productive for us, because what they make now are not the thousands  of heads of livestock that the landowners used to produce. What they  produce now are thousands and thousands of cobs of corn, just like this  one.<\/p>\n<p>Mother  Earth first gave us tiny corncobs like this one on the lands that the  landowners had taken away from us. And they did take them away from  us\u2014it\u2019s not true that we are taking them away from anyone. They were  ours, and they had so mistreated Mother Earth that our first harvests  were tiny just like this. Our grandfathers already knew how to work the  land, and little by little we were able to find our way all over again,  once again, with our Mother Earth.<\/p>\n<p>We  work these recuperated lands collectively. We say \u201ccollectively,\u201d but  one needs a lot of practice in order to figure out how to do that. For  example, we first began working the land collectively, all of us. That  is, nobody had their own<em> milpa <\/em>[cornfield].  Rather, we were completely together, all of us. Then, we would have the  problem of too much rain, or of drought, or a storm, and so we started  to suffer losses. The <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> started to say that no, we shouldn\u2019t do things this way. Why don\u2019t we  organize ourselves and come to an agreement on how many days we will  contribute to collective work, and how many days to our own plot.<\/p>\n<p>More than anything it was the <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> who came up with this idea because they are the ones who cultivate the food\u2019s flavorings\u2014we call them <em>ceboll\u00edn<\/em>, the onions, and other flavorings that the <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> use for cooking. So because they worked collectively, when one <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em> would send her son or daughter to the <em>milpa<\/em> to bring back something, everyone would go and everything would get  picked, because it belonged to everyone but there wasn\u2019t an agreement  about it yet.<\/p>\n<p>They start seeing this as a problem and the <em>compas<\/em> begin to discover various ways to do things. Like what to do if others want to take some corn, because since the <em>milpa<\/em> is collective, if one person takes some corn, then it all goes quickly,  like a violation of the collective form because there was no agreement  on how to use it. So the <em>compas<\/em> made an agreement\u2014x number of days we will all work collectively, and x number of days we will work for ourselves.<\/p>\n<p>The  collective work is done at the level of the village, that is, the local  level, the community; it is also done at the regional level, as we call  it, where the region is a group of 40, 50, or 60 villages; and  collective work is also done at the municipal level, by which we mean a  group of 3, 4, or 5 regions\u2014this here is the Autonomous Zapatista  Municipalities in Rebellion. And when we say \u201ccollective work of the  zone,\u201d this means the work of all of the municipalities that exist in a  zone like Realidad, or Morelia, or Garrucha\u2014the five zones.<\/p>\n<p>So  when we talk about zones, we\u2019re talking about hundreds and hundreds of  villages, and when we talk about municipalities, we\u2019re talking about  dozens of villages. So that\u2019s how collective work is done, and  collective work is done not only on Mother Earth.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll  just remind you, as the now defunct Sup Marcos had said, in those days  when they said to us, weren\u2019t we supposed to be anti-capitalists and  we\u2019re over here drinking Coca Cola? I don\u2019t know if anybody here might  remember that. How can I explain this; what happens is that they  idealize us, they think that everything that we say we magically  accomplish. No <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>, brothers and sisters. The truth is that what we are is organized.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll give you a clearer example. I remember that a <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em> from the city was really angry because she witnessed a Zapatista <em>compa<\/em> yelling at his <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em>, and he was wasted, intoxicated, drunk. So we told the <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em>, be calm <em>compa\u00f1era,<\/em> because that <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em> is going to report it to the authorities, and tomorrow or the day after that <em>compa<\/em> will have to face punishment. You shouldn\u2019t think that because we say  the word \u201cclean\u201d that magically everything will be clean; that if we say  the word \u201cblack\u201d then magically everything will be black. No, that\u2019s  idealizing the situation. But yes, the <em>compa\u00f1era<\/em> is going to report it and then punishment will come.<\/p>\n<p>The  point is to be organized. Because before, when there were women being  mistreated, there was no trustee, there was no councilman, there was no  mayor to resolve the <em>compa\u00f1eras\u2019<\/em> problems. And what\u2019s more, the trustee, the councilman, and the mayor  were often worse; how could they possibly resolve anything?<\/p>\n<p>Well  then, we are talking about collective work. So we have other types of  collective work, such as the sale of that thing that I just mentioned.  And it\u2019s not because we like it, because for us Zapatistas, in order to  do away with capitalism we have to destroy it. And one way to destroy it  is to take the means of production into our hands and administrate them  ourselves. So then, if we sell things\u2014like for example, here we have  dirt, but what about that over there? The thing those flower are in? Is  it produced by capitalism or not? And those eyeglasses you\u2019re wearing?  What about that? Everything that you have on?<\/p>\n<p>But  yes, we understand it as a way to scratch at capitalism. Yes, it is  true that we will lower its profits a little. That\u2019s not a lie, we  understand it. But when we do something it is because we have come to an  agreement through communication amongst all of us, and it is one thing  to say something and another to do it. For example, I remember that a  lot of NGOs around here were saying, \u201cWe won\u2019t allow it\u201d when [the  supermarket chain] Chedrahui came here [San Crist\u00f3bal de las Casas].  They said, \u201cWe won\u2019t buy from there.\u201d That promise didn\u2019t last two  weeks. So it\u2019s one thing to say something and another thing to do it.<\/p>\n<p>Well  then, now I will discuss with you some things that we started to  discover as we were doing collective work, and this work was varied, not  only work that had to do with Mother Earth. We started to see things  about our resistance, we started to discover things.<\/p>\n<p>We began the resistance with our <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> from our communities, and I want to tell you how the idea to resist was  born. In those days when we rose up against the bad government, it  began to use or utilize people to spy on us, \u201cears\u201d we call them, people  who listen to what the Zapatistas do and how they move. So then the <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> and the <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> realized that the teachers were serving as these spies, these ears, so they fired them.<\/p>\n<p>Then  we had a problem\u2014we no longer had any teachers. So then we had to  invent, we had to imagine, we had to create. And then, as I was  mentioning earlier, the government started to tell everyone that it was  going to give out a lot of projects. It was like others started to envy  us, because it became clear to us that they\u2019re giving out what they\u2019re  giving out because the government doesn\u2019t want them to be Zapatistas.  And so they\u2019re giving away these things because of us. \u201cAh, well then,\u201d  we said.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s when the <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> start to say \u201cNo,\u201d because <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> who were insurgents and <em>milicianos<a name=\"sdendnote2anc\" href=\"#sdendnote2\"><sup>[ii]<\/sup><\/a><\/em> had died in \u201994. Those <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> are the ones who started to say, \u201cIf we armed ourselves and went out there and our <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> died out there, why would we now accept the leftovers, the handouts,  the crumbs that the bad government gives out? What it wants is to buy us  off like it\u2019s buying off those who are not already Zapatistas, just so  that they don\u2019t become Zapatistas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So  then the idea started to grow and multiply, that refusing to accept  things from the bad government was the same as being a combatant. And  then we began to discover that it had to be more than just not accepting  things. I tell you this because it was when we started to see that they  were giving out a lot of projects to the <em>partidistas<\/em> that we started to say that we have to work the Mother Earth. And when we started to talk like this, the <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> said, \u201cYes, of course, because when our great-grandparents and  great-great-grandparents were alive, did they get beans, rice, oil, and  milk as handouts? No, on the contrary, all of the efforts of their work  went straight to the boss. And why is the government now going to give  you a kilo of <em>Minsa<\/em> [corn flour], <em>Maseca<\/em> [corn flour], beans, etc.? And not only is it genetically modified, and chemical, it\u2019s not even real milk.<\/p>\n<p>So  that\u2019s when we said that we have to work the Mother Earth. And so we  started to really strengthen the resistance. Those of us <em>compas<\/em> who understood this quickly now have beans, maize, coffee, pigs, turkeys, and other animals. Those who are <em>partidistas<\/em> receive corrugated tin roofing, cement, and other cheaply made  construction material. Since they don\u2019t work the land and because the <em>compas<\/em> do have resources, when the <em>compas<\/em> need something and offer to buy the wheelbarrows and corrugated roofing from the <em>partidistas<\/em>, they immediately sell. The <em>compas<\/em> buy this stuff from them because they have the resources to do so since they work the land.<\/p>\n<p>So the <em>compas<\/em> realized what was happening, we figured it out. It\u2019s because we  indigenous are very practical. If we see that something works then we  say, \u201cha, now we\u2019ve screwed them,\u201d so then we all start doing it and  keep at it because it works. So then the <em>compas<\/em> put in even more effort to work the land.<\/p>\n<p>And  that\u2019s when the government started to say that it was giving out a lot  of projects. \u201cLook at all the red corrugated roofing,\u201d they tell  everyone, because the roofing they give out is always red. But the <em>compas<\/em> install this roofing on their houses too. So the government says,  \u201cLook\u2014those come from our projects,\u201d but it\u2019s not true because those are  the <em>compas\u2019 <\/em>houses  with the corrugated roofing that they bought. Then the government  realized what was going on and now they try to control the people, they  force them to show that they have built their houses with the material  the government gave them. That\u2019s what the <em>partidistas<\/em> started to do as well, because they also have these housing projects,  and they force the people to show that they\u2019re using the building  material for themselves, because otherwise the material will end up with  the Zapatistas, they say.<\/p>\n<p>For us, in the Zapatista communities, we see the conditions of the <em>partidista<\/em> brothers, and honestly, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>,  it makes you really sad to see how they live. It makes you feel a  bitter sorrow to see it because many of the youth that we used to know  are no longer there. They left seeking the American Dream, to find that  green money, dollars. And many never returned, and some who have  returned have very little left of their former selves, and they\u2019ve  returned and are in a bad way, now addicted to drugs, they smoke  marijuana. And those who don\u2019t smoke marijuana come back with a  different culture. They say that they no longer want to drink <em>pozol<\/em>,<a name=\"sdendnote3anc\" href=\"#sdendnote3\"><sup>[iii]<\/sup><\/a> and worse, that they don\u2019t even recognize it.<\/p>\n<p>So  the son or daughter returns home and they arrive at their father\u2019s  house, their mother\u2019s house, and their father and their mother are also  not doing so well because the government has them accustomed to sitting  around with their arms crossed. It has their brains programmed to when  they will receive their <em>Oportunidades <\/em>[government program], which I think they now call <em>Prospera<\/em>. That is, the <em>partidista<\/em> brothers have been made useless because they no longer work the land. I think that the word to describe them is \u201csubmissive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At  least in the era of slavery, you knew very well that the boss was  enslaving you. But in this case no, because now he\u2019s gotten you used to  things, he\u2019s programmed your chip, that is, your head, he\u2019s programmed  your brain. So now you don\u2019t understand what\u2019s going on and you don\u2019t  see their faces behind it, whether Pe\u00f1a Nieto or Velasco or the other  one, or any of the rest who will deceive you.<\/p>\n<p>Why  do they do that? Because it\u2019s the other face they use to get what they  want; and what they want is the Mother Earth so that they can extract  all her riches. Force isn\u2019t the only way to take Mother Earth. What they  don\u2019t want is to have a situation where the army and police have to  kill, but the day will come when they clash with the people who aren\u2019t  going to allow what they\u2019re doing. For now, what all those projects to  do is get people used to them, programming them so that they become  accustomed to no longer working the land. And from there, people get  used to it and its even worse if the people have applied for the land  title because then they can sell it.<\/p>\n<p>The result is that their land can be taken away, this is what is happening to the <em>partidistas<\/em> brothers. That\u2019s what capitalism is trying to get\u2014what Mother Earth has.<\/p>\n<p>When we say that in the <em>partidista<\/em> communities the situation is really sad, I can give you an example. And  hopefully those brothers and sisters are here right now so that they  can confirm all that we say. There is a community over near La Realidad,  I think it\u2019s called Miguel Hidalgo, near the village of Nuevo Mom\u00f3n. Up  until a few months ago, the brothers there used to be  CIOAC-Hist\u00f3rica\u2014they supported what was done to our <em>compa\u00f1ero<\/em> teacher Galeano. Weeks after what happened to <em>compa<\/em> teacher Galeano, something happened with those brothers who are now  ex-CIOAC. They no longer want to be CIOAC, but they used to be, and  because of different party politics, different political ideologies with  the projects, they decided, \u201cIt\u2019s better to step aside so we don\u2019t end  up killing each other.\u201d So when their community violently kicked them  out, they went to land that was recuperated [by the Zapatistas] in \u201994  to take refuge.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s  no respect there. The leaders of the social organizations have a lot to  do with this because they don\u2019t stick up for themselves, they sell out  and the men and women of that organization haven\u2019t organized themselves.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why we say that the way that things are is a disaster. The government has those <em>partidista<\/em> communities  used to things the way they are, but now I\u2019ll tell you something that  happened maybe a month or month and a half ago. You\u2019ve seen how the  government has said that it\u2019s going to have to cut back social programs,  and that in the communities they receive scholarships even though the  students don\u2019t know how to read or write. Each student receives 1,000 or  1,200 <em>pesos<\/em>, and so parents who have four children in school get their 5,000 <em>pesos<\/em>. The mothers and fathers got used to this.<\/p>\n<p>Maybe  a month or a month and a half ago, those families with four children in  school who are receiving scholarships are now only receiving 800 <em>pesos <\/em>for  all four. And what they\u2019re saying is, \u201cNow they have fucked us over.\u201d  Well yes, now they have fucked you over, brothers. What can we tell you?  And because this is our way as indigenous people\u2014as if we were cellular  phones\u2014the word spreads very quickly. If someone is lost, the community  quickly finds out that someone is lost. If someone is sick, the  community quickly finds that out. It\u2019s like a telephone that lets you  know.<\/p>\n<p>So we, together with the <em>compas<\/em> from the communities, the bases of support, held a meeting where we  explained how much worse the situation is going to become, and not only  for us the indigenous, but for all of Mexico, the country and city\u2014and  not even just Mexico. So as Zapatistas, we have family members who are  not Zapatistas\u2013there are some families who are good, and others that  want nothing to do with us. We can recognize the ones who will  understand, which ones aren\u2019t against us, we talk with them about the  situation. And that\u2019s how word gets around that the situation is about  to get bad, and then accounts begin to emerge that it\u2019s true, that  such-and-such official came by and left us with an invoice. That\u2019s how  information starts coming out.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s  the part we were reading out loud yesterday, that they were asking us  what they could do about it. And what we tell them is, \u201cOrganize  yourselves, brothers and sisters.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut what are we going to do when we organize?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThink it through.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut how are we going to think it through?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow you live, start from there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And another thing that we see in the lives of the <em>partidistas<\/em> is that it is not the fault of the children that they live how they  live. On top of the bad government\u2019s bad guidance, the children are also  abandoned. Who knows what will end up happening to them? Or maybe they  will wake up when they realize what\u2019s going to happen, but for that we  think that a lot of things will need to take place first. They will go  become pickpockets, bandits, thieves of maize, beans, everything, and  worse if they are addicted to drugs. There are communities who smoke a  lot of marijuana, and that\u2019s the truth. That\u2019s what I mean when I say  that the children there are like abandoned baby chicks.<\/p>\n<p>All  this that we\u2019re telling you about is how we live. You all know what the  living is like where you live. The only thing that we\u2019re saying is that  it is time to put ideas into practice, because if not it\u2019s just going  to be talk, talk, talk. What I am about to tell you might be a bad  example. It\u2019s about the believers, the ones who have (inaudible) by the  hand, from the Bible, however they call it, for always just reading,  reading, reading, and he died. And they said justice, freedom, and no to  injustice. But those are just words. It\u2019s the same thing with the  politicians.<\/p>\n<p>So then, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em>, <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>,  brothers, and sisters, we are not telling you to rise up in arms. And  we\u2019re also not telling you to take our example and copy it. No. All of  us have to study our own terrain and see what is possible for us to do  there. But what we all do need to do is to put things into practice.<\/p>\n<p>For  example, it\u2019s like when we say that what we want to build is for  centuries and centuries, and forever. And so we ask, \u201cHow are we going  to do this? If the older Zapatistas fighters don\u2019t prepare their  children, that is, if they don\u2019t prepare the new generation, those who  are 19 and 20 years old now, then we will see that 50 or 60 years from  now the grandson of Ex-General Absal\u00f3n Castellanos Dominguez, the former  governor of Chiapas will be back and he will be the one giving orders  in the communities all over again if that new generation isn\u2019t prepared.  And that new generation has to prepare another, and so on so that what  we create can last for centuries and centuries, forever. But if this  doesn\u2019t happen, it won\u2019t last.<\/p>\n<p>One  of the bases of our Zapatista economic resistance is Mother Earth. We  don\u2019t have those houses that the bad government builds, with cinder  block and all that. But we do have our health and education, and we live  by the people ruling and the government obeying.<\/p>\n<p>When  I pause awhile to think about what I want to say to you, what I\u2019m  thinking is how it\u2019s one thing to talk about our economic situation and  another about how we are governing. It\u2019s difficult for me to explain  this because the <em>compas<\/em> don\u2019t do it the same everywhere.<\/p>\n<p>An example: With some of the <em>compas\u2019 <\/em>collectives, when it\u2019s time to sell, whether it\u2019s maize, beans, or livestock, what the <em>compas<\/em> do is organize themselves collectively and act as a kind of <em>coyote<\/em> [middleman] in order to compete with the <em>coyote<\/em>. For example, I\u2019m a Zapatista and the <em>compa<\/em> is selling coffee, or livestock, or maize wholesale, and he\u2019s asking 23 <em>pesos<\/em> for a kilo of coffee (I think what it\u2019s at now). I, as a Zapatista, investigate how much the <em>coyotes<\/em> are selling the coffee for at retail, and I see that it\u2019s selling for 40 <em>pesos<\/em> over there. But the <em>coyote<\/em> is only paying 23 <em>pesos <\/em>for  it over here, so how much is he making off of it? What I do then is  calculate how much transportation costs are going to be for me if I go  sell retail like the <em>coyote<\/em>, and how much more I can afford to pay the <em>compa<\/em> than what the <em>coyote<\/em> is paying him. If the coyote is paying 23 <em>pesos<\/em> for the kilo, then I buy it for 24 <em>pesos<\/em>. And then the <em>compa<\/em> Zapatistas come, as do the <em>partidistas<\/em>, and now the <em>coyote<\/em> doesn\u2019t have his clients anymore. So then the <em>coyote<\/em> hears that I\u2019ve been paying 24 <em>pesos <\/em>and he\u2019s only been paying 23 <em>pesos,<\/em> then he tries to compete with me and begins to pay 24 <em>pesos.<\/em> Then what the Zapatista will do is to calculate again, sees that he can still raise his buying price, and offers 25 <em>pesos<\/em> for the kilo. So it\u2019s like pitting two <em>coyotes<\/em> against each other in competition, you understand? That\u2019s how the struggle goes.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, the <em>partidistas<\/em> go around saying, \u201cYou see how the Zapatistas pay us more? By one <em>peso<\/em>.\u201d  That\u2019s how life is in the communities That\u2019s why I say that there\u2019s not  just one way to do things, you have to figure out a way. This has to do  also with the economy for autonomous authorities.<\/p>\n<p>For  example, under autonomy, everything was going well in health,  education, and in agro-ecology, as well as in the three areas:  bone-setters, midwifery, and herbal medicine as the <em>compas<\/em> call them. But when the projects started coming, when the donations from our <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> in solidarity starting coming, then when those donations and NGO  projects dwindled, the organization of our construction of autonomy  weakened\u2014that is, education and health.<\/p>\n<p>So  we realized then and there that we failed because, how else to say it,  that all we wanted to do was spend and that was it, that it wasn\u2019t  coming from our sweat, as the <em>compas<\/em> say. Because when it comes from your own sweat then you will take good  care of it, you won\u2019t go around spending it however you want. So we  realized that what we were doing wasn\u2019t right and that we had to remedy  it.<\/p>\n<p>When  we tried to fix the situation, we came across another problem. A lot of  the things that we do, the way that we go about organizing ourselves,  don\u2019t think that it\u2019s because we are really imaginative, that we have  superpowers or whatever else. No, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em>, <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>,  brothers, sisters. We go about inventing, creating things. We go about  resolving problems as they come, and what really happens is that we just  don\u2019t stop trying. We don\u2019t ignore the problem, we have to resolve it  and the advantage is that we ourselves are the ones to do it. We don\u2019t  depend on any government body to do it. If we\u2019re not doing well, then  none of us are doing well. If we are doing well, then we are all doing  well.<\/p>\n<p>So  as I was saying about the projects and the donations, we have to  correct this situation ourselves, and when we figured out how to correct  it, then that\u2019s when those people seeking projects started getting  unhappy. Because we said, \u201cWe need to be able to reproduce this. We  can\u2019t just be spending. We need to think about how to reproduce this  when the day comes that there\u2019s no more project, when there\u2019s no more  donations from our brothers and sisters, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> in solidarity. So in this way, we do know how to resist like before.<\/p>\n<p>So  that mistake we made, that failure with the economic situation made us  remember the old days of clandestinity, because back then we were able  to construct clinics while we were still clandestine, and we didn\u2019t know  back then that we would one day see <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em> from the Asian continent, from the five continents. We didn\u2019t even  dream it but nevertheless, we were able to do it, not through  solidarity, but through sweat. So then we started to talk to the <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> about that, and we recovered that practice and began to work and that\u2019s how we\u2019re doing it now.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why we say that we are re-educating and re-organizing ourselves in the face of the looming storm. In reality, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em> and <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>,  we could say a lot more. Things really aren\u2019t that easy, but so that  you get an idea. The point is that we don\u2019t just sit there and take it  and we don\u2019t give up.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll  tell you something else about collective work that took place about two  or three months ago. So we are reorganizing ourselves, as we say,  reeducating ourselves, so we have to give collective work everything  we\u2019ve got so that we understand how we are going to move, or how we are  going to struggle.<\/p>\n<p>So it turns out that as the <em>compas<\/em> in the communities, regions, municipalities and zones were meeting in their assemblies, a Zapatista <em>compa<\/em> says, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em>, <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>,  I\u2019m not going to join you in collective work because I don\u2019t see  anything there for me. Nothing from there buys my salt, or my soap. But  it\u2019s not to say that I\u2019m not going to continue on in the struggle. I am  going to continue being a Zapatista, and if we need to contribute  [money] to the struggle then I am in agreement.<\/p>\n<p>So then the <em>compa<\/em> say, \u201c<em>Compa<\/em>,  you\u2019re wrong in what you\u2019re saying. You have to remember what you are,  you\u2019re a Zapatista, and right now we\u2019re not just discussing collective  work, we\u2019re also discussing what it means to be a Zapatista. The  Zapatista has to confront everything. So if you say that you don\u2019t want  to be part of collective work because it takes us four, three, five  days, then what you\u2019ll have to do instead is work on in the Zapatista  Autonomous Municipalities in Rebellion, and that service is three years  long, while with collective work all we\u2019re talking about is three, four  days. Think about what you\u2019re saying.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And they\u2019re in an assembly, just like how all of us are gathered right now. Then the son of the <em>compa<\/em> stands up and says, \u201cIt\u2019s true, this is my dad\u2019s bad habit.\u201d The son is a health <em>promotor<\/em> [promoter\/advocate], and he says, \u201cMy dad says that I am just a health <em>promotor<\/em> by name only because I don\u2019t even know how to give someone an aspirin.  That\u2019s what he tells me because what he wants me to do is leave my <em>cargo<\/em> as health promoter so I can go away to study\u201d\u2014that is, not at the autonomous school, that the <em>compa<\/em> go who knows where to study\u2014\u201cBut every time my dad gets sick, he comes and asks me to give him a pill.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>I tell you this story, <em>compas<\/em>\u00b8  so that you can see that the point is for you to not just sit and take  it, or just talk about it. Confront it, do it, find it, invent it,  create it. That\u2019s what this is about.<\/p>\n<p>So think about that. You\u2019ve seen that we work the land, your <em>guardianes<\/em> and <em>guardianas<a name=\"sdendnote4anc\" href=\"#sdendnote4\"><sup>[iv]<\/sup><\/a><\/em> have  taken you there. Is it not true that the Zapatistas work the land? Is  it not true that the Zapatistas do not emigrate?\u201d Just remember that  story that I told you about that <em>compa<\/em> base of support, that he said that he didn\u2019t want to do collective work  because that is what causes problems. In that case you oust yourself,  you expel yourself. Because around here, being Zapatista means  confronting it all, and there are some who no longer want to, and that\u2019s  how they in effect leave. Those who do this have really already left,  they straight up don\u2019t want to struggle anymore. That is, they have  abandoned the organization.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s  why, given the little that we do economically, we don\u2019t pay for  electricity, water, land ownership, nothing. But we don\u2019t receive  anything from the system either. And as it\u2019s already been said, but to  affirm it here, part of the reason we do our collective work at the  zone, region, municipality, and community level is because we always  have within our sight the possibility that we may need to mobilize to  support the brothers, sisters, <em>compa\u00f1eros<\/em>, <em>compa\u00f1eras<\/em>. We don\u2019t mobilize to demand that the government fulfill its promises, we don\u2019t generate resources for that.<\/p>\n<p>So  then, what we will be talking more about is that in this process of  evaluating how we are doing, what we want to do, and what we are  thinking about doing, it is the <em>compas<\/em>,  the communities, who authorize action, who rule, who decide. We don\u2019t  depend on the government. And since this is our way of being, we\u2019re  going to keep on working, struggling, and dying if necessary in order to  defend the way we are doing things now.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p id=\"sdendnote1\"><sup>[i]<\/sup> It seems Subcomandante Moises is pointing to the irony that the name of this government program (\u201c<em>pececito<\/em>\u201d or little fish) serves as a homonym to \u201c<em>pesesito<\/em>\u201d which might be also be a joking way of referring to a single lonely peso.<\/p>\n<p id=\"sdendnote2\"><sup>[ii]<\/sup> Member of the EZLN\u2019s civilian militia or reserves.<\/p>\n<p id=\"sdendnote3\"><sup>[iii]<\/sup> A drink made from ground maize mixed with water and often consumed in the Mexican countryside as a midmorning or midday meal.<\/p>\n<p id=\"sdendnote4\"><sup>[iv]<\/sup> The Zapatista \u201cguardians\u201d or \u201c<em>votanes<\/em>\u201d that accompanied each student of the Zapatista Little School during their stay in Zapatista territory.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Palabras del Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s (4 de mayo de 2015) Escucha aqu\u00ed: [podcast]https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/Audios\/pensamiento\/4may_sup-moi.mp3[\/podcast] Buenas tardes compa\u00f1eros, compa\u00f1eras. Lo que les voy a platicar, platicado, no le\u00eddo, es sobre c\u00f3mo era y c\u00f3mo es la econom\u00eda desde las comunidades, del capitalismo pues. Les voy a hablar de hace 30 a\u00f1os y de hace 20 a\u00f1os y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,957,6,955,118],"tags":[644,56,926,897,494,657],"class_list":["post-13137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audio","category-autonomia","category-chiapas","category-ezln-temas","category-ezln","tag-comunicados-ezln","tag-encuentros","tag-ezln","tag-pensamiento-critico","tag-seminario","tag-subcomandante-moises"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13137"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13137\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}