{"id":10049,"date":"2014-06-24T11:42:46","date_gmt":"2014-06-24T16:42:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=10049"},"modified":"2014-06-27T13:33:27","modified_gmt":"2014-06-27T18:33:27","slug":"la-muerte-del-supmarcos-un-golpe-a-la-soberbia-revolucionaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/?p=10049","title":{"rendered":"La muerte del SupMarcos. Un golpe a la soberbia revolucionaria"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:es--><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Por Ra\u00fal Zibechi<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">La iluminadora despedida del Subcomandante Marcos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a title=\"La muerte del SupMarcos. Un golpe a la soberbia revolucionaria\" href=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/pantalla_comp\/public\/foto\/01_portada_ezln_emma.jpg?itok=GQSU6YCy\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/cuerpo_630x426\/public\/foto\/01_portada_ezln_emma.jpg?itok=j0Jfl5ld\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" \/><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/colaboradores\/emma-gasco\">Emma Gasc\u00f3<\/a> <\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>El <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/global\/23023-dijeron-cuando-volviera-nacer-lo-haria-colectivo.html\">comunicado de despedida<\/a> del subcomandante insurgente Marcos, le\u00eddo la madrugada del 25 de mayo en el <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jornada.unam.mx\/2004\/09\/19\/realidad.html\">caracol La Realidad<\/a> ante miles de bases de apoyo y de solidarios de todo el mundo,  anunciando su muerte y reencarnaci\u00f3n (desentierro en palabras del EZLN),  es uno de los textos m\u00e1s s\u00f3lidos y potentes emitidos en veinte a\u00f1os  desde su aparici\u00f3n p\u00fablica el 1 de enero de 1994.<\/p>\n<p>El <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/global\/22910-zapatistas-organizan-dolor-y-la-rabia.html\">asesinato del maestro Galeano<\/a>,  en La Realidad el 2 de mayo, por miembros de la Central Independiente  de Obreros Agr\u00edcolas y Campe\u00adsinos Hist\u00f3rica (CIOAC-H), una organizaci\u00f3n  devenida en grupo paramilitar por obra y gracia de las pol\u00edticas  sociales contrainsurgentes que compran personas y colectivos enteros,  precipit\u00f3 un <strong>proceso de cambios que se ven\u00eda procesando desde tiempo atr\u00e1s<\/strong>.  La masiva marcha en silencio de 40.000 bases de apoyo zapatistas el 21  de diciembre de 2012 en las principales ciudades de Chiapas, y la  posterior <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/martamoli.wordpress.com\/2013\/08\/12\/rumbo-a-la-escuelita-zapatista\/\">escuelita<\/a> \u2018La Libertad seg\u00fan l@s zapatistas\u2019, fueron algunos de los ejes de esos cambios que pudimos apreciar.<\/p>\n<p>La tercera parte del comunicado del 25 de mayo, titulada <em>El relevo<\/em>,  da cuenta muy brevemente de los cuatro cambios internos que se han  venido procesando en estas dos d\u00e9cadas. El primero que se menciona es el  generacional, el m\u00e1s visible puesto que la mitad de los zapatistas  tienen menos de 20 a\u00f1os y \u201ceran peque\u00f1os o no hab\u00edan nacido al inicio  del alzamiento\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El segundo es de clase: \u201cDel origen clase mediero ilustrado, al  ind\u00edgena campesino\u201d. Y el tercero es de raza: \u201cDe la direcci\u00f3n mestiza a  la direcci\u00f3n netamente ind\u00edgena\u201d. Estos dos relevos se manifiestan  desde tiempo atr\u00e1s con la constante y creciente aparici\u00f3n de los  comandantes y comandantas en las diversas comparecencias p\u00fablicas del  EZLN. Pero la aparici\u00f3n del <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jornada.unam.mx\/2013\/02\/15\/politica\/021n3pol\">subcomandante insurgente Mois\u00e9s<\/a>,  con el mismo rango militar que ten\u00eda Marcos, marc\u00f3 sin duda un punto de  inflexi\u00f3n que ahora se completa al quedar Mois\u00e9s como el vocero del  movimiento.<\/p>\n<p>El comunicado de despedida de Marcos destaca que el m\u00e1s importante de  los relevos fue el del pensamiento: \u201cDel vanguardismo revolucionario al  mandar obedeciendo; de la toma del Poder de Arriba a la creaci\u00f3n del  poder de abajo; de la pol\u00edtica profesional a la pol\u00edtica cotidiana; de  los l\u00edderes, a los pueblos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Por \u00faltimo, destaca la cuesti\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero, ya que las mujeres pasaron  de la marginaci\u00f3n a la participaci\u00f3n directa, y el conjunto del  movimiento pas\u00f3 \u201cde la burla a lo otro, a la celebraci\u00f3n de la  diferencia\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Como puede apreciarse, <strong>el antivanguardismo va de la mano del  conjunto de cambios que pueden resumirse en que las bases del movimiento  mandan y la comandancia obedece.<\/strong> Ya no quedan dudas de quienes  son los sujetos. De alg\u00fan modo, estos relevos cobran visibilidad desde  afuera en el papel preponderante que juega ya Mois\u00e9s, cuya figura ya  ven\u00eda destac\u00e1ndose en sus comunicados vinculados a la escuelita, pero  que ahora adquiere toda su relevancia.<\/p>\n<p>De este modo \u2013en una coyuntura compleja en la cual el gobierno  nacional mexicano y el del Estado de Chiapas lanzan una fuerte ofensiva  contra los caracoles y el conjunto del zapatismo, en el marco de la  recuperaci\u00f3n de poder del Estado ante las autodefensas de Michoac\u00e1n y la  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/libertades\/22110-la-policia-comunitaria-la-montana-guerrero-proceso-comunitario-justicia-y\">Polic\u00eda Comunitaria de Guerrero<\/a>\u2013  el EZLN completa un giro plebeyo, de larga duraci\u00f3n, de enorme  profundidad estrat\u00e9gica, que muestra lo que son capaces de hacer los de  abajo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Desaparece la figura medi\u00e1tica de Marcos<\/strong>, simp\u00e1tica  para las clases medias y los medios masivos, la personalidad destacada  capaz de dialogar con intelectuales de todo el mundo y de hacerlo de  igual a igual, <strong>siendo suplantado por ind\u00edgenas y campesinos, gente com\u00fan y rebelde.<\/strong> Es un desaf\u00edo pol\u00edtico y \u00e9tico de enorme envergadura, que coloca contra  la pared a los analistas, a las viejas izquierdas y al conjunto de las  academias. De ahora en m\u00e1s, no habr\u00e1 interlocutores ilustrados sino  ind\u00edgenas y campesinos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEn lo personal \u2013escribe Marcos\u2013 no entiendo por qu\u00e9 gente pensante  que afirma que la historia la hacen los pueblos se espanta tanto ante la  existencia de un gobierno del pueblo donde no aparecen los  \u2018especialistas\u2019 en ser gobierno\u201d. La respuesta la da \u00e9l mismo: \u201cPorque  tambi\u00e9n hay racismo en la izquierda, sobre todo en la que se pretende  revolucionaria\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Muy fuerte. Muy acertado y muy necesario. El zapatismo no dialoga con  los pol\u00edticos del sistema, ni con los de derecha ni con los de  izquierda. Se dirige a quienes queremos cambiar el mundo, a los que  aspiramos a construir un mundo nuevo y, por lo tanto, decidimos no  transitar el camino de las instituciones sino trabajar abajo, con los y  las de abajo. Y encuentra que una de las mayores dificultades que en  esos espacios es la soberbia, el individualismo al que define como  perfectamente compatible con el vanguardismo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Con este paso, el zapatismo coloca el list\u00f3n muy alto, tan alto como nunca lo hab\u00eda colocado ninguna fuerza pol\u00edtica.<\/strong> Finalmente, el individualismo y el vanguardismo son dos expresiones  centrales de la cultura occidental; modos de hacer emparentados con el  colonialismo y el patriarcado, de los que tanto nos cuesta desprendernos  en la vida cotidiana y en la pol\u00edtica.<!--:--><!--:en--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>By: Ra\u00fal Zibechi <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The illuminating farewell of Subcomandante Marcos<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/compamanuel.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/06\/01_portada_ezln_emma.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/compamanuel.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/06\/01_portada_ezln_emma.jpg?w=614&amp;h=661\" alt=\"Artwork by Emma Gasc\u00f3 in Diagonal\" width=\"480\" \/><\/a><em>Artwork by Emma Gasc\u00f3 in Diagonal<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0farewell communiqu\u00e9 of Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos, read in  the early morning of 25 May in the\u00a0Caracol of La Realidad,\u00a0in front of  thousands of bases of support and people in solidarity from around the  world, in which he announced his death and reincarnation (unburying, in  the words of EZLN,) is one of the strongest and most powerful texts he  has released in the twenty years since his public appearance on January  1, 1994.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0murder of the teacher Galeano\u00a0in La Realidad on May 2, by members  of the Independent Central of Agricultural Workers and Campesinos \u2013  Historic (CIOAC-H), an organization that became a paramilitary group  thanks to the counterinsurgent social policies that buy people and whole  groups, precipitated a\u00a0<strong>process of change that had been underway for some time<\/strong>.\u00a0The  massive silent march of 40,000 Zapatista supporters on December 21,  2012 in the major cities of Chiapas, and the subsequent Escuelita  of\u00a0\u2018Freedom according to the Zapatistas\u2019 were some of the axes of these  changes that we could appreciate.<\/p>\n<p>The third part of the communiqu\u00e9 of May 25, titled\u00a0<em>The Change of Guard<\/em>,  recounts very briefly the four internal changes that have been in  process during these two decades.\u00a0The first one mentioned is  generational, the most visible change, since half of the Zapatistas are  less than 20 years old and \u201cwere young or were not born at the beginning  of the uprising.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The second is that of class \u201cfrom the enlightened middle class to the  indigenous campesino.\u201d And the third is that of race: \u201cfrom mestizo to a  purely indigenous leadership.\u201d These two changes have been manifested  for some time with the constant and increasing emergence of comandantes  and comandantas at various public appearances of the EZLN.\u00a0But the  appearance of\u00a0Subcomandante Insurgente Mois\u00e9s, with the same military  rank as Marcos, undoubtedly marked a turning point that is now complete,  leaving Mois\u00e9s as the spokesperson of the movement.<\/p>\n<p>Marcos\u2019 farewell communiqu\u00e9 emphasized that the most important of the  changes was in thinking: \u201cfrom revolutionary vanguardism to \u2018ruling by  obeying;\u2019 from the taking of Power from Above to the creation of power  from below; from professional politics to everyday politics; from the  leaders, to the peoples.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Finally, there was the issue of gender, as women moved from  marginalization to direct participation, and the whole movement passed  \u201cfrom mocking the other to the celebration of difference.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As can be seen,\u00a0<strong>the anti-vanguardism goes hand in hand with  the set of changes that can be summarized in the fact that the bases of  the movement command and the commanders obey. <\/strong>There isno longer  any doubt over who are the subjects.\u00a0Somehow, these changes reduced the  visibility from outside of the preponderant role already played by  Mois\u00e9s, whose figure was already standing out in his communiqu\u00e9s linked  to the escuelita, but who now takes on his full relevance.<\/p>\n<p><em>The EZLN completes\u00a0a long lasting turn towards the common people, of huge strategic depth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Thus, at a complex juncture in which the national Mexican government  and the government of Chiapas launched a major offensive against the  Caracoles and Zapatismo as a whole, \u2013as part of the recovery of state  power from the autodefensas (self-defense forces) in Michoac\u00e1n and  the\u00a0Community Police in Guerrero\u2013 the EZLN completes a shift to the  common people, which is long lasting, and of huge strategic depth,  showing what those from below are capable of doing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The media figure of Marcos disappears<\/strong>, appealing to  the middle class and the mass media, the prominent personality capable  of dialogue with intellectuals from around the world and of doing so on  equal terms,\u00a0<strong>being supplanted by the indigenous and campesinos, common and rebellious people.<\/strong> It  is a political and ethical challenge of enormous magnitude, which  places the analysts, the old left and the whole of the academic world  against the wall.\u00a0From now on, there will be no illustrious speakers but  rather indigenous and campesinos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPersonally \u2013writes Marcos\u2013 I don\u2019t understand why thinking people,  who assert that history is made by the people, get so frightened in the  face of an existing government of the people where \u2018specialists\u2019 are  nowhere to be seen.\u201d The answer he gives: \u201cBecause there is also racism  on the left, above all among that left which claims to be  revolutionary.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Very strong!\u00a0Very wise and very necessary!\u00a0Zapatismo does not  dialogue with the system\u2019s politicians, or with those on the right or  the left.\u00a0It speaks to those of us who want to change the world, to  those of us who aspire to build a new world and, therefore, decide not  to walk the path of the institutions but to work below, with those from  below.\u00a0And we find that one of the major difficulties in these spaces is  arrogance (pride), individualism, which it defines as perfectly  compatible with vanguardism.\u00a0<strong>With this step, the Zapatistas set the bar very high, higher than any political force has ever set it.<\/strong> Finally,  individualism and vanguardism are two central expressions of Western  culture;\u00a0ways of doing things related to Colonialism and patriarchy,  both of which we need to let go of in everyday life and in politics.<\/p>\n<p>Originally Published in Spanish by<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diagonalperiodico.net\/culturas\/23093-la-muerte-del-supmarcos-golpe-la-soberbia-revolucionaria.html\" target=\"_blank\">Diagonal<\/a><\/em> (Madrid) on June 14, 2014<\/p>\n<p>English Translation: UK Zapatista Solidarity Network<\/p>\n<p>Editing: <a href=\"http:\/\/compamanuel.wordpress.com\/2014\/06\/22\/the-death-of-supmarcos-a-blow-to-revolutionary-pride\/\" target=\"_blank\">Chiapas Support Committee<\/a><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Por Ra\u00fal Zibechi La iluminadora despedida del Subcomandante Marcos. Emma Gasc\u00f3 El comunicado de despedida del subcomandante insurgente Marcos, le\u00eddo la madrugada del 25 de mayo en el caracol La Realidad ante miles de bases de apoyo y de solidarios de todo el mundo, anunciando su muerte y reencarnaci\u00f3n (desentierro en palabras del EZLN), es [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[183],"tags":[822,926,151,23],"class_list":["post-10049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-galeanovive","tag-ezln","tag-la-realidad","tag-paramilitares"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10049"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10049\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiozapatista.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}